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目的:探究慢性丙型肝炎(CHC)患者血清五聚蛋白3(PTX3)的表达水平，并分析PTX3对肝纤维化分期诊断的临床意义。方法:选取2016年9月至2019年10月济宁医学院附属医院消化内科收治的178例CHC患者为CHC组，男92例，女86例，年龄(42.28±13.70)岁，年龄范围为24～67岁。另选取同时期体检的30例健康者作为健康组，男19例，女11例，年龄(43.05±12.88)岁，年龄范围为22～66岁。应用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、透明质酸、层黏连蛋白(LN)、Ⅲ型前胶原肽(PⅢP)、Ⅳ型胶原蛋白(CⅣ)及PTX3的水平。结果:CHC组血清IL-2水平[(97.27±26.39)pg/ml]显著低于健康组[(146.4±31.02)pg/ml]，IL-6[(72.65±10.26)pg/ml]、TNF-α水平[(32.58±6.75)pg/ml]均显著高于健康组[(36.61±11.05)pg/ml、(11.13±2.34)pg/ml]，差异有统计学意义(n PF2期>F1期，差异有统计学意义(n PF2 > F1, (n P<0.05). ROC curve results showed that PTX3 was used to set 2.070 μg/L, the AUC was 0.628, the specificity was 0.921, and the sensitivity was 0.402.In the diagnosis of F2 stage, the best diagnostic effect was set by PTX3 as 2.430 μg/L, the AUC was 0.661, the specificity was 0.770, and the sensitivity was 0.615.In the diagnosis of F3 stage, the best diagnostic effect was set as 3.245 μg/L by PTX3, the AUC was 0.789, the specificity was 0.727, and the sensitivity was 0.872.In the diagnosis of F4 stage, the best diagnostic effect was obtained by using PTX3 as 4.530 μg/L, the AUC was 0.842, the specificity was 0.844, and the sensitivity was 0.923.n Conclusion:Serum PTX3 level was significantly increased in patients with CHC, and it was closely related to the degree of liver fibrosis in patients with CHC.It can be used as a new index to assist the diagnosis of liver fibrosis in patients with CHC.