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脑肿瘤患者放疗后常出现神经毒副反应，如认知功能障碍等，即使颅外肿瘤如头颈部肿瘤等患者放疗后也可出现认知功能下降，这类功能的下降可严重影响患者的生活质量。因此，明确脑部放射治疗使认知功能下降的机制非常重要。目前认为，脑电离辐射导致认知功能损伤，但其确切机制尚不明确，主要与海马神经发生下降、微环境的改变、炎症反应、氧化应激、血管损伤及血脑屏障破坏、树突形态及n N-甲基-n D-天门冬氨酸(NMDA)改变等相关。本文现围绕脑电离辐射导致认知功能损伤主要机制的研究进展综述如下。n “,”Nerve toxicity, such as cognitive dysfunction, often appears in patients with brain tumors after radiotherapy. Cognitive dysfunction after radiotherapy can even appear in patients with extra-cranial tumors such as head and neck cancers. These declines in cognition can seriously affect the patient's quality of life. Therefore, it is very important to find a clear mechanism of brain ionization radiation induced cognitive impairment. At present, the exact mechanism of brain ionization radiation induced cognitive impairment is unclear, and it may be mainly associated with the decline of hippocampal neurogenesis, changes of microenvironment, inflammation, oxidative stress, vascular injury and blood-brain barrier damage, dendritic morphology andn N-methyl-n D aspartate changes. This review summarizes the recent advance in main mechanism of brain ionization radiation induced cognitive impairment.n