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[目的]探讨上海市学龄儿童血压水平及其影响因素。[方法]分层整群抽取2010年闸北区7所小学二年级779名儿童为研究对象,由专业人员测量身高、体重、腰围、血压,自行设计饮食、运动调查表并由父母填写完成。[结果]儿童血压偏高率为9.4%,男生10.0%,女生8.7%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);总体肥胖率为20.9%,腰围偏高率为16.3%。收缩压和舒张压均值随着肥胖程度的增加呈上升趋势,男生(P趋势<0.000 1)和女生(P趋势<0.05)均有统计学意义。腰围偏高组的收缩压和舒张压均高于腰围正常组(P<0.001)。控制年龄、性别、父母亲文化程度、父母亲职业后,多因素分析显示,腰围偏高(OR=1.14,95%CI:1.07~1.21)、摄入甜食多(OR=1.08,95%CI:1.02~1.16)是血压偏高的影响因素。[结论]闸北区小学二年级学生血压偏高形势严峻,应加强监测和及早干预。控制儿童肥胖,特别是腹型肥胖,以及减少甜食摄入可降低血压偏高发生风险。
[Objective] To investigate the blood pressure level and its influencing factors in school-age children in Shanghai. [Method] The stratified cluster was drawn from 779 secondary school children in 7 primary schools in Zhabei District in 2010 as the research object. Height, weight, waist circumference and blood pressure were measured by professional staff. Self-designed diet and exercise questionnaire were completed and completed by parents. [Results] The high rate of hypertension was 9.4% in boys, 10.0% in boys and 8.7% in girls. The difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). The overall obesity rate was 20.9% and the waist circumference was 16.3%. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure values increased with the increase of obesity. There were significant differences in boys (P <0.000 1) and girls (P trend <0.05). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were higher in the high waist circumference group than in the normal waist circumference group (P <0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that waist circumference was high (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.07-1.21) and more sweets (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02 ~ 1.16) is the influencing factor of high blood pressure. [Conclusion] The prevalence of high blood pressure in sophomore primary school students in Zhabei District is severe, and monitoring and early intervention should be strengthened. Controlling childhood obesity, especially abdominal obesity, and reducing sweets intake can reduce the risk of high blood pressure.