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目的：为避免中耳手术中对面神经的损伤。方法：对２０ 具（４０ 侧）成人尸头颞骨内面神经进行解剖观察。结果：①面神经裂缺率为３２．５％ （１３／４０），迷路段、水平段、垂直段分别为５％ （２／４０）、２７．５％ （１１／４０）、７．５％ （３／４０）。②面神经垂直段与后半规管最短距离为０．６２～５．０８（２．４８±０．６３）ｍ ｍ ，鼓沟底水平面神经与鼓索神经最短距离为０～４．６２（２．１２±０．７６）ｍ ｍ ，鼓沟底水平面神经与鼓沟最短距离为２．９６～８．８２（５．８６±１．６２）ｍ ｍ 。③面神经水平段与外半规管最短距离为０～３．０２（１．９２±０．８４）ｍ ｍ ，与蹬骨底板最短距离为０．９２～４．０６（２．１４±０．９０）ｍ ｍ 。结论：熟悉颞骨内面神经解剖，可避免对面神经的损伤，减少和避免面瘫的发生
Purpose: To avoid facial nerve injury in the middle ear surgery. Methods: Anatomical observation was performed on the facial nerve of 20 cadaveric heads (40 sides). Results: ① The rate of facial nerve dehiscence was 32.5% (13/40), with 5% (2/40), 27.5% (11/40), 7.5% (3/40). ② The shortest distance between the vertical segment of the facial nerve and the posterior semicircular canal is 0.62 ~ 5.08 (2.48 ± 0.63) m m, and the shortest distance between the horizontal plane nerve and the colliculus nerve is 0 ~ 4.62 (2.12 ± 0.76) m m. The shortest distance between the tibial nerve at the bottom of the trenches and the trenches was 2.96 ~ 8.82 (5.86 ± 1.62) m m. (3) The shortest distance between the level of facial nerve and the lateral semicircular canal was 0 ~ 3.02 (1.92 ± 0.84) m m, the shortest distance to the pedicle plate was 0.92 ~ 4.06 (2.14 ± 0.90) m m. Conclusion: Familiar with the anatomy of the facial nerve in the temporal bone can avoid facial nerve injury, reduce and avoid the occurrence of facial paralysis