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树突状细胞 (DC)的主要功能是摄取和处理抗原 ,并向T淋巴细胞递呈抗原。虽然大多数DC具有这一共性 ,但不同类型的DC又具有其不同的功能特性。由DC向T细胞提供的信号既可导致不同的免疫应答 ,也可导致免疫耐受。根据对免疫应答的不同调节效应 ,DC被分为不同的功能亚群。不同的DC亚群可由不同的发育途径而来 ,但它们的发育和功能又被不同的外部因子 ,如微生物产物等而调控。因而对DC功能的研究不应仅限于对正常个体内的DC的研究 ,更重要的是要研究DC系统在外源性微生物入侵后其反应的动态变化。本文对DC亚群及功能研究的最近进展作一简要综述。
The main function of dendritic cells (DCs) is to take up and process antigens and present antigens to T lymphocytes. Although most DCs share this commonality, different types of DCs have different functional characteristics. The signals provided by DCs to T cells can both lead to different immune responses as well as to immune tolerance. Based on the different regulatory effects on the immune response, DCs are divided into different functional subsets. Different DC subsets can be derived from different developmental pathways, but their development and function are regulated by different external factors, such as microbial products. Therefore, the research of DC function should not be limited to the research of DC in normal individuals. More importantly, the dynamic changes of DC system response to exogenous microorganisms should be studied. This article gives a brief overview of recent advances in DC subpopulation and functional studies.