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伦敦和北京重工业的崛起都受到国际体系因素的影响,伦敦是英国对世界市场的依赖,北京是两极格局中受前苏联的影响。从国内层面看,英国以自由主义为核心的民主制度为伦敦重工业提供了宽松环境,北京则更多依靠党和国家规划建立起了最初的石化工业。两相比较可以发现,伦敦由于议会制政体下利益集团的阻碍对重工业产生了严重依赖,北京却能在党和政府不断学习调整规划后及时摆脱对重工业的依赖。总之,比较发达城市和发展中城市的意义不只在于后者对前者的借鉴,同样在于发现后者符合自身特点的优势,为未来发展之路找准方向。
The rise of heavy industry in London and Beijing is influenced by international system factors. London is Britain’s dependence on the world market. Beijing is influenced by the former Soviet Union in the bipolar structure. From a domestic perspective, the British liberalism centered on liberalism provided a looser environment for London’s heavy industry while Beijing relied more on the party and national plans to establish its first petrochemical industry. The comparison between the two shows that in London, due to the obstruction of interest groups under the parliamentary system, heavy industry has been heavily reliant on Beijing. However, Beijing can get rid of the heavy industry promptly after the party and the government keep learning and adjusting their plans. In a word, the significance of comparing the developed cities and the developing cities lies not only in the latter’s reference to the former, but also in discovering the advantages of the latter in line with their own characteristics and finding the direction for the future development.