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二十世纪七十年代以来,西方国家兴起的新公共管理学派对传统公共行政的理论基础和核心模式——韦伯的理性官僚制进行了猛烈的抨击,批判主要集中在官僚制的限制民主、压抑个性、效率低下、应变力差等方面。本文试图从行政生态学角度对这种批判进行再审视,新公共管理所作的批判只是在表层采取了与官僚制不同的形式而已,实质上是对理性官僚制的改进和回归。官僚制仍有其生命力,尤其是在行政环境与新公共管理发生地截然不同的发展中国家。发展中国家目前正处于理性官僚制不足的状态,应建构如下的行政发展模式:汲取理性官僚制的合理内核,同时有选择地吸纳新公共管理的部分建议,实现中国公共行政的超越——走向后官僚制。
Since the 1970s, the new schools of public administration emerging in western countries have fiercely criticized Weber’s rational bureaucracy, the theoretical foundation and core mode of traditional public administration. Criticism has mainly focused on bureaucratic restrictions on democracy and repression Personality, inefficiency, poor response force and so on. This article attempts to re-examine this critique from the perspective of administrative ecology. The criticism of NPM is only on the surface of the Bureau of bureaucracy took a different form, in essence, is to improve and return to the rational bureaucracy. Bureaucracy still has its vitality, especially in developing countries where the administrative environment differs from that of new public administration. At present, developing countries are in the state of insufficient rational bureaucracy. Therefore, the following mode of administrative development should be constructed: to draw a reasonable core of a rational bureaucracy and to selectively absorb some proposals of new public administration so as to realize the transcendence of China’s public administration - After the bureaucracy.