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1975年Kohler和Milstein成功地制备出具有生物活性的单克隆抗体（MCAb），这是免疫技术上的一项重大突破，使肿瘤成像技术和放射免疫分析（RIA）得到了不断发展。1974年和1978年GOldenberg首次用抗癌胚抗原（CEA）抗体进行的动物和人体显像，开辟了放射免疫显像（Rll）新纪元，
In 1975, Kohler and Milstein succeeded in preparing a biologically active monoclonal antibody (MCAb), which is a major breakthrough in immune technology, and has led to the continuous development of tumor imaging technology and radioimmunoassay (RIA). In 1974 and 1978 GOldenberg’s first animal and human imaging with anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) antibodies opened up a new era of radioimmuno-imaging (Rll).