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满族称之为“嘎拉啥”的动物距骨,笔者在《嘎拉哈之谜》、《嘎拉哈与东北‘骨卜’》等文中,探讨了其历史上的职能之一“卜骨”问题。从人类的野蛮时代,牲畜就是财富,特别是在以畜牧经济为主的氏族或部落,牲畜的多寡是财富的标志,并且随着原始先民们长期的生产和生活与某种或几种动物的密不可分,产生了亲切感、神秘感,从而在原始宗教观念支配下,形成了动物图腾崇拜,甚至以为某种动物的骨骼是可以避凶驱邪的。如《易经》上说的“豶豕之牙吉”,即猪的牙齿是可以得善除邪的,从而演变为“灵骨”崇拜。嘎拉哈,作为卜骨而有占卜的职能作用,同本文要讨论的,我国北方几个古老民族存在的神化为生前和死后的一些重要习俗,都是原始宗教观念下的活化石,即“灵骨”意识的事象。一、祭祖。在黑龙江省富裕县,居住着百余户近千人的古老民族——柯尔克孜族。柯尔克孜族人每
The Manchu call it the talus of the animal “Gala Ha”. The author explored one of its historical functions, “Bu bone”, in such articles as “The Mystery of Gala Rahan”, “Garaba and the Northeast” problem. From the brutal era of mankind, livestock is wealth, especially in the clan or tribe dominated by livestock husbandry, the amount of livestock is a sign of wealth, and with the original ancestors long-term production and life with one or several animals Of the inseparable, resulting in a sense of intimacy, a sense of mystery, which in the original religious concepts dominated the formation of animal totem worship, or even think that the bones of certain animals can be shunned evil spirits. Such as the “Book of Changes” said the “Tamagotchi of the tooth Kyrgyzstan,” that pig’s teeth can be good derailed, and thus evolved into “spiritual bone” worship. As we discussed in this article, some important customs of the ancient ethnic groups in northern China that were deified before and after their death are all living fossils under the primitive religious concept of “ Spiritual bone ”consciousness thing. First, ancestors. In Fuyu County, Heilongjiang Province, there are over 800 ancient ethnic groups living in Kirgiz. Kirgiz people each