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目的：观察去负荷及再负荷过程PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β信号途径的变化,并探讨该过程对骨骼肌蛋白分解及合成代谢的影响。研究方法：24只雌性SD大鼠随机分对照组（NC）、去负荷14 d模型组（TS）、去负荷14 d＋再负荷自由活动14 d组（NR）、去负荷14 d＋再负荷离心运动14 d组（ER）。用免疫印迹半定量分析PI3K、Akt、GSK-3β和P-GSK-3β的表达。研究结果：与NC组相比,TS组腓肠肌总蛋白含量显著下降（P〈0.05）;以不同方式再负荷14 d都能使腓肠肌蛋白含量提高,NR与ER组之间没有显著差异;ER组PI3K蛋白表达显著高于NR组（P〈0.05）;ER组Akt也高于NR组,但没有显著性差异。ER组的P-GSK-3β和GSK-3β蛋白表达与NR组的相似趋势,其中ER组的P-GSK-3β与NC组相比,有显著性差异（P〈0.05）;而GSK3β则显著增加（P〈0.05）。结论：在去负荷条件下,PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β信号对骨骼肌蛋白分解影响较小;再负荷条件下,离心运动能加强PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β信号作用,参与骨骼肌蛋白合成。“,”objective： To observe PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signal pathways on skeletal muscle protein metabolism in unloading and reloading,and discuss the relationship between eccentric exercise and PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signal pathways on the apoptosis and anabolic.Methods： 24 female SD rats were divided into four groups： normal control group（NC）,14 days tail-suspension group（TS）,14 days tail-suspension 14 days standing naturally group（NR）,14 days tail-suspension 14 days eccentric exercise group（ER）.Western blotting was used to semi-quantitative analysis PI3K,Ak,GSK-3β and P-GSK-3β protein expression.Results： Compared with NC group,TS group＇s total protein content dropped significantly（P0.05）;In a different way to the reloading in 14 days,the total protein content increased both in NR and ER,but there were no significant differences between NR and ER.PI3K protein expression in ER was more significant than in NR group（P0.05）;ER＇s Akt protein expression was higher than NR group,but no significant differences.ER group of P-GSK-3β and GSK-3β protein expression were similar as the trend of NR group.Compared with NC group,ER＇s P-GSK-3β protein expression was significantly declined（P0.05）;but GSK-3β is increased significantly（P0.05）.Conclusion： PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signal pathway was less influential to the skeletal muscle protein catabolism.Under the reloading relation,especially eccentric exercises can strengthen the role of PI3K/Akt/GSK-3βin skeletal muscle protein synthesis.