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“人力资源”和“人力资本”这两个概念,如今常常出现在文章中或者口头上,但这两个概念的真正含义和相互间的区别与联系却未必都清楚。在此,笔者谈谈自己的理解。学术界对人力资源的定义并无一致意见。但无论从广义还是从狭义来理解人力资源的核心都是人,不过这里指的人是一个集合概念,而并非仅指人的个体。人力资源是由具有正常智力和正常体力的人汇成的抽象集合,所以我们决不能简单地将人与人力资源等同起来。某一个人不能说成是人力资源,某部分人也不能说成是人力资源,就犹如一滴水或一池水不能说成是水力资源一样。因此,当我们谈论人力资源的时候指的是“具有智力劳动能力和体力劳动能力的人们的总和”。把人也看作一种资源,而且是一种最宝贵、最活跃的资源,这是人对自身认识的升华,是对人自身价值的肯定,是对人的一种最新意义上的褒奖。
The concepts of “human resources” and “human capital” are now often found in articles or oral passages. However, the true meaning of the two concepts and the differences and relations between them are not always clear. Here, I talk about their own understanding. There is no consensus in academia on the definition of human resources. However, human beings are the core of human resources both in a broad sense and in a narrow sense. However, people here refer to a collective concept and not to a single individual. Human resources are abstract collections made up of people with normal intelligence and normal physical strength, so we must not simply equate people with human resources. A person can not be described as human resources, some people can not be said to be human resources, just as a drop of water or a pool of water can not be said to be the same as the hydraulic resources. Therefore, when we talk about human resources, we mean “the sum of people with intellectual and manual capabilities.” People are also regarded as a kind of resource, but also one of the most valuable and active resources. It is a sublimation of one’s own knowledge, a recognition of one’s own value, and one of the most up-to-date compliments to people.