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绪言近年来,高坝和高水头水力发电站的数量增加很快,这给出口工程及闸门的设计带来了严重的问题,而他们却又是输水工程的主要建筑物。例如建在圬工坝和混凝土坝体内的输水管、在土坝或堆石坝坝肩的明渠或开挖的隧洞等。输水道的出口通常用垂直闸门或弧形闸门挖制,而且闸门经常处于部分开启的运行形式。当高压闸门部分开启时,高速水流使闸门下游产生负压,使水达到气化压力,从而因气蚀和振动引起严重的破坏。另外,对闸门可能增加向下的拖曳力,因此必须加大对闸门的提升容量。世界
INTRODUCTION The number of high-dams and high-head hydroelectric power stations has increased rapidly in recent years, which poses serious problems for the design of outlet and sluice gates, but they are also the major structures for water conveyance. Such as water pipes built in dams and concrete dams, open ditches or excavation tunnels at earth dam or rockfill dam abutments, and the like. The outlet of a waterway is usually dug by a vertical or radial gate and the gate is often in a partially open operating mode. When the high-pressure gate is partially open, high-speed water flow creates a negative pressure downstream of the gate, bringing the water to gasification pressure, causing serious damage due to cavitation and vibration. In addition, the gate may increase downward drag, it must increase the lifting capacity of the gate. world