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兰科植物多具有独特、精巧、多样化的花部结构以及高度多样的吸引传粉者的方式。采用透射电镜技术对墨兰的萼片、侧瓣、唇瓣的超微结构进行对比研究,寻找其与昆虫传粉行为的对应关系。结果表明:墨兰萼片质体、线粒体结构发达,数量多;墨兰的花瓣质体、线粒体结构欠发达,数量少于前者,还有一部分质体是以造粉体和造蛋白质体的形式出现的;唇瓣质体数量极少,线粒体内膜欠发达。在传粉过程中,萼片和花瓣通过释放强烈的香气吸引传粉者,而唇瓣则为传粉者提供落脚处。
Orchid plants have more unique, delicate and diverse flower department structure and a variety of ways to attract pollinators. The ultrastructure of sepal, side lobe and lip of Cymbidium was studied by using transmission electron microscopy, and the corresponding relationship between pollen and insect pollinating behavior was investigated. The results showed that there were many plastids and mitochondrial structures in the sepal of Cyathea septentrionalis. The chloroplast and mitochondria of Cymbidium annua were less developed than the former, and some plastids appeared in the form of protoplasm and protoplast ; Lip petal number is very small, less developed mitochondrial inner membrane. During pollination, sepals and petals attract pollinators by releasing strong aromas, while labial lobes provide pollinators with tips.