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中国古代儒家崇尚人的德性,本想以德性约束强权;但儒家与君主专制的结合与相互利用,在扩张了德性之作用的同时,也导致了虚伪的流行。道家对虚伪道德做了深刻的揭露和讽刺,主张回归本真。但具有真诚之德性的,正是儒家的真君子,而非道家的“真人”。在中国历史上,虚伪与赤裸裸的恶、伪君子与真小人相生相伴,形成一个个怪圈。要走出这一怪圈,当从确立真诚之德性始。而要确立真诚之德性,必须回归于德性自律,并以制度伦理与德性伦理形成互补。
Ancient Chinese Confucianists advocated the morality of people and wanted to constrain their power by morality. However, the combination and mutual use of Confucianism and monarchy drove the hypocrisy while expanding the role of virtue. Taoism made a profound expose and satire on the hypocrisy and advocated the return to reality. But it is the real gentleman of Confucianism, not the “real person” of Taoism, who has the virtue of sincerity. In Chinese history, hypocrisy and blameless evil, hypocrites and true villain accompanied by the formation of a vicious circle. To get out of this vicious circle, when starting from the establishment of the virtue of sincerity. To establish the virtue of sincerity, we must return to the principle of self-discipline and complement each other with institutional and ethical ethics.