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【历史米兰】米兰位于欧洲的东西南北交汇之处,又在伦巴第平原上,具备了作为商业和经济都市大力发展的要素。西罗马帝国由于曰尔曼民族的大迁徙而产生巨大混乱,米兰一时作为帝国的首府、西方基督教的中心地而繁荣。以后又因哥德人的迁移而造成混乱。12世纪因社会意识的萌芽而兴起的公社时代,使得米兰再次繁荣。十字军的东方远征使意大利北部得到发展。各城市为了财富,势力、征服其他城市而展开了斗争。米兰也不例外,1395年以来作为米兰公国,受到维斯孔蒂家和斯福尔查家的统治。这个小国都市的发达,产生了富裕的市民,由他们开展的保护,奖励学术和艺术活动最终开花结果,诞生了文艺复兴文化。15世纪末贸易体系发生了很大变化。米兰等意大利各城市开始停滞。意大利半岛受到德国,法国、西班牙等国的侵略、攻击,到1870年意大利统一为止经历了漫长的不幸时代。
【History Milan】 Milan is located in the intersection of east, west and north of Europe, and on the Lombardy plain, it possesses the essential elements of the vigorous development of commercial and economic metropolis. The Roman Empire caused tremendous chaos because of the great migration of the Lehman nation, and Milan briefly prospered as the capital of the Empire and the center of Western Christianity. Later, it caused confusion due to the relocation of the Goths. The twelfth century because of the emergence of social awareness of the commune era, making Milan once again prosperous. Crusades for the Eastern Expedition to the north of Italy to be developed. Cities have fought for wealth, power and conquest of other cities. Milan is no exception, as the Duchy of Milan since 1395, ruled by Visconti and Sforzesco. The development of a small country and a city has created wealthy citizens, and the protection and rewards of academic and artistic activities carried out by them eventually led to the birth of the Renaissance culture. Great changes have taken place in the trading system of the late 15th century. Milan and other cities in Italy began to stagnate. The Italian Peninsula, subjected to aggression and attacks by Germany, France and Spain, experienced a long, unfortunate era until the reunification of Italy in 1870.