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传统经济学认为,区域效应是产生地区间实际收入差异的主要原因。新经济地理学将地区间实际收入差异的产生归结于集聚效应的作用。以自由资本模型为理论基础,实证分析表明,地区间实际收入差距的形成,既有区域效应的作用,也有集聚效应的作用,但集聚效应起着主要的作用。缩小我国地区间实际收入差异主要在于扩大落后地区的市场潜力,且有必要加速落后地区的资本积累与提升企业的技术水平,促进地区间自由贸易度的提高。
According to traditional economics, the regional effect is the main reason for the difference in real income between regions. Neo-economic geography attributed the differences in real income among regions to the effect of agglomeration. Based on the free capital model, the empirical analysis shows that the formation of the real income gap between regions has both the regional effect and the agglomeration effect, but the agglomeration effect plays a major role. Reducing the difference in real income among regions in China mainly lies in expanding the market potential of the backward regions and in accelerating the accumulation of capital in backward regions and in upgrading the technological level of enterprises so as to promote the improvement of free trade among regions.