论文部分内容阅读
以58个观赏海棠(Malus sp.)品种为研究对象,对大蕾期(S1)、盛开期(S2)、末花期(S3)花瓣的色素组分进行了测定,研究了海棠品种群之间色素组分关系及动态规律,为挖掘高花青素含量及高稳定性的海棠特异种质和进行花色改良育种提供参考。基于UV-2450紫外—可见分光光度计的实际含量测定和基于Unispec-SC光谱分析仪的反射光谱指标测定,分别构建了花青素、类胡萝卜素和叶绿素3大类色素组分含量与反射光谱指标之间的耦合函数:yAnth=0.014x+0.0012(R2=0.9974);yCar=0.0038x0.3772(R2=0.9902);yChl=–0.1007x2+0.3221x–0.2169(R2=0.8179)。采用Origin7.0软件构建了观赏海棠品种群3大类色素组分含量和权重的三维动态图,结果表明:花青素为海棠花瓣中的主导色素,类胡萝卜素和叶绿素为次要色素;在开花进程中,海棠品种群花瓣中的花青素、类胡萝卜素和叶绿素含量整体呈大幅度降低趋势,但色素组分权重却保持着相对稳定性,尽管花青素的权重呈现小幅下降趋势,而类胡萝卜素和叶绿素的权重却呈现小幅上升趋势。基于花青素含量和权重的聚类分析表明:在遗传距离2.936处,58个海棠品种可划分为5个类群,即白色系(A)、粉色系(B)、浅紫红色系(C)、紫红色系(D)和深紫红色系(E),其中C、D、E色系构成泛紫红色系。各色系/子色系类群之间具有明显不同的色素组分动态特征。尽管粉色系之B2子色系在大蕾期具有较高的花青素含量[(0.090±0.038)mg·g-1],但由于色素稳定性差,在S1–S2–S3开花进程中,花青素含量分别下降了83.2%和93.3%,其“红艳”观赏期仅限于盛花期之前;粉色系之B1子色系的花青素含量及稳定性皆显著高于B2子色系,在S1、S2和S3阶段,B1子色系的花青素含量分别为B2子色系的1.7、3.3和3.2倍,显著提高了色彩观赏性。与粉色系相比,泛紫红色系具有更高的花青素含量及稳定性,整个花期皆保持紫红色,显著延长了该类群的“红艳”观赏期,在S1、S2和S3阶段,D、E两个色系的花青素含量分别为粉色系均值的1.8~2.0倍、3.9~6.5倍和8.1~10.0倍,甚至在S3阶段仍达到B色系在S1阶段的花青素含量水平;C色系的花青素含量及稳定性皆逊色于D、E色系,但仍显著优于B色系,即使在S3阶段,C色系的花青素含量仍达到B色系在S1阶段的43.2%和S2阶段的152.5%。
A total of 58 ornamental Malus sp. Cultivars were selected to study the pigment components of petals at the bud stage (S1), full bloom stage (S2) and end flower stage (S3) Pigment composition and dynamic relationship, in order to tap the high anthocyanin content and high stability of Begonia special germplasm and color improvement breeding provide a reference. Based on the determination of the actual content of UV-2450 UV-visible spectrophotometer and the determination of reflectance spectra based on Unispec-SC spectrometer, the contents of anthocyanin, carotenoid and chlorophyll in three groups were determined respectively. The coupling function between the indicators: yAnth = 0.014x + 0.0012 (R2 = 0.9974); yCar = 0.0038x0.3772 (R2 = 0.9902); yChl = -0.1007x2 + 0.3221x-0.2169 (R2 = 0.8179). Origin7.0 software was used to construct the three-dimensional dynamic picture of the content and weight of the pigment components in three categories of ornamental crabapple varieties. The results showed that anthocyanin was the dominant pigment, carotenoid and chlorophyll in the petals of begonia officinalis. During the flowering process, the anthocyanin, carotenoid and chlorophyll contents in the petals of Begonia were significantly decreased, but the weights of pigment components remained relatively stable. Although the weight of anthocyanins showed a slight downward trend, However, the weights of carotenoids and chlorophyll show a slight upward trend. Cluster analysis based on anthocyanin content and weight showed that 58 Begonia varieties could be divided into five groups at the genetic distance of 2.936, ie, white line (A), pink line (B), light purple line (C) , Magenta (D) and magenta (E), with C, D, E colors forming a pan-purplish color. Significantly different pigment component dynamic characteristics exist among the various color / subsystems. Although the B2 color of the pink line had a higher anthocyanin content at the bud stage [(0.090 ± 0.038) mg · g-1], due to the poor pigment stability, in the flowering process of S1-S2-S3, The content of cyanidin decreased by 83.2% and 93.3%, respectively. The ornamental period of “Hongyan” was only limited to before flowering stage. The content and stability of anthocyanin in B1 sub-line of pink line were significantly higher than that of B2 sub-line In the S1, S2 and S3 stages, the contents of anthocyanin in the B1 sub-lines were 1.7, 3.3 and 3.2 times that of the B2 sub-lines, respectively, significantly improving the color ornamentation. Compared with the pink line, the reddish purple line had higher anthocyanin content and stability, remained purple throughout the flowering period, significantly prolonging the “red red” ornamental period of this group, and in S1, S2 and S3 The anthocyanin content in stage D and E were 1.8-2.0 folds, 3.9-6.5 folds and 8.1-10.0 folds of the average of the pink lines, respectively, and reached the B color in the S1 stage even in the S3 stage The content of anthocyanin and the stability of C color were inferior to those of D and E, but it was still significantly better than that of B color. Even in the S3 stage, the anthocyanin content of C color reached B color 43.2% in the S1 phase and 152.5% in the S2 phase.