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目的分析高温作业工人高血压患病及相关危险因素,为职业人群高血压防治提供科学依据。方法选取某钢铁企业160名炼钢、轧钢工人为高温组,同厂的114名库工为对照组。调查2组工人基本情况;检测身高、体重、腰围、血压;全自动生化分析仪检测血糖、甘油三酯及胆固醇水平。收集企业日常环境监测资料分析作业环境温度、辐射热、噪声等环境因素。结果高温组高血压患病率(25.00%)明显高于对照组(12.28%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元Logistic回归分析结果显示,高温暴露、肥胖、吸烟是调查人群高血压患病的主要危险因素。肥胖是对照人群高血压患病的主要危险因素(OR=19.330,P<0.05);而吸烟、胆固醇异常则是影响高温暴露人群高血压患病的主要危险因素(OR分别为16.288,2.989,P<0.05)。高温组<35岁,35～45岁,>45岁组工人高血压患病率分别为29.03%,21.33%和26.08%,均高于对照相应年龄组15.38%,6.34%,22.22%,其中35～45岁组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论高温作业为高血压的诱发因素,并使发病年龄提前。吸烟、胆固醇异常对高温诱发高血压发病具有协同作用。
Objective To analyze the prevalence of hypertension and related risk factors in high temperature workers and provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of hypertension in occupational populations. Methods One hundred and six steelmaking enterprises were chosen for steelmaking. The steel rolling workers were high temperature group, and 114 workers in the same factory were the control group. Investigate the basic situation of two groups of workers; test height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure; automatic biochemical analyzer for blood glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol levels. Collect daily monitoring data of enterprises to analyze environmental factors such as operating environment temperature, radiant heat and noise. Results The prevalence of hypertension in high temperature group (25.00%) was significantly higher than that in control group (12.28%), the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that high temperature exposure, obesity and smoking were the main risk factors for investigating the prevalence of hypertension in the population. Obesity was the major risk factor for hypertension in control subjects (OR = 19.330, P <0.05). Smoking and cholesterol abnormalities were the major risk factors for hypertension in hypertensive subjects (OR = 16.288, 2.989, P <0.05). The prevalence rates of hypertension in high-temperature group <35 years old, 35-45 years old, and> 45 years old group were 29.03%, 21.33% and 26.08%, respectively, higher than those in control age group 15.38%, 6.34%, 22.22% ~ 45 years old group difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion High-temperature operation is the predisposing factor of hypertension and leads to earlier age of onset. Smoking and abnormal cholesterol have synergistic effects on the incidence of hypertension induced by high temperature.