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血清是没有红血球的血浆。人的血型有A、B、O和AB之分。利用血清反应可以鉴定血型。血型相同的血液混合在一起,红血球不凝集成团,因而可以相互输血。不同血型的血混合在一起,红血球凝集成团,因而不能输血。为什么不同血型的血混合就凝成团呢?这是因为血清中的抗体与血球表面的抗原产生反应的结果。例如给免疫动物注射一种抗原,那么在它的血清中可产生一种抗体——免疫球蛋白。抗体在血清中称抗血清。抗原和血清中的抗体反应,称血清反应。用植物作材料制备抗原,与注射到免疫动物所产生的抗血清进行的反应,称植物血清反应。植物血清反应是血清学在植物学研究上的应用。
Serum is erythrocyte-free plasma. Human blood type A, B, O and AB points. Using serum reaction can identify the blood group. The blood of the same type of blood mixed together, the red blood cells are not agglomerated into groups, which can transfuse each other. Different types of blood mixed together, red blood cells clumped into groups, which can not be transfused. Why blood clots in different blood clots it? This is because the antibody in the serum and the blood cell surface antigen reaction results. For example, an immunized animal is injected with an antigen, and an antibody, immunoglobulin, is produced in its serum. Antibodies are called antisera in serum. Antigen and serum antibody reaction, said the serum reaction. Plants are used as materials for the preparation of antigens, which are reacted with the antisera that is injected into the animals being immunized, and the plant serum is said to react. Plant serological response is the application of serology in botany research.