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Background Acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure (ACLF-HBV) is a clinically severe disease associated with major life-threatening complications including hepatic encephalopathy and hepatorenal syndrome.The aim of this study was to evaluate the short-term prognostic predictability of the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD),MELD-based indices,and their dynamic changes in patients with ACLF-HBV,and to establish a new model for predicting the prognosis of ACLF-HBV.Methods A total of 172 patients with ACLF-HBV who stayed in the hospital for more than 2 weeks were retrospectively recruited.The predictive accuracy of MELD,MELD-based indices,and their dynamic change (△) were compared using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve method.The associations between mortality and patient characteristics were studied by univariate and multivariate analyses.Results The 3-month mortality was 43.6％.The largest concordance (c) statistic predicting 3-month mortality was the MELD score at the end of 2 weeks of admission (0.8),followed by the MELD:sodium ratio (MESO) (0.796) and integrated MELD (iMELD) (0.758) scores,△MELD (0.752),△MESO (0.729),and MELD plus sodium (MELD-Na) (0.728) scores.In multivariate Logistic regression analysis,the independent factors predicting prognosis were hepatic encephalopathy (OR=-3.466),serum creatinine,international normalized ratio (INR),and total bilirubin at the end of 2 weeks of admission (OR=10.302,6.063,5.208,respectively),and cholinesterase on admission (OR=0.255).This regression model had a greater prognostic value (c=0.85,95％ Cl 0.791-0.909) compared to the MELD score at the end of 2 weeks of admission (Z=4.9851,P=-0.0256).Conclusions MELD score at the end of 2 weeks of admission is a useful predictor for 3-month mortality in ACLF-HBV patients.Hepatic encephalopathy,serum creatinine,international normalized ratio,and total bilirubin at the end of 2 weeks of admission and cholinesterase on admission are independent predictors of 3-month mortality.