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近年来我国许多地区出现了大面积的耕地转种速生林的现象。为了明确速生林对土壤理化性质的影响,本研究采用实地采样并对样品进行理化试验分析的方法,选择同一农户的相邻玉米地与速生杨树地的土壤剖面(0-120 cm)作为研究样点,通过对土壤剖面水分与元素含量的研究,分析了山东省调查点传统农田转种速生林后对土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明,传统农田转为速生杨树林后,土壤水分含量明显降低,剖面整体降低2.6个百分点,土壤表层0-10 cm降低最为明显,相差6.28个百分点;对土壤养分来讲,人工林地的有机质与N、P、K含量普遍要低于传统耕地,这主要是由于传统农田秸秆还田与化肥施用量较人工林地大的缘故。速生林地深层土壤中的有机质较传统农田并没有明显增加,说明速生林地深层土壤缺乏有机质形成的条件,或有机质形成需要较长的时间。从土壤元素来看,玉米地与速生林地的Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu等元素均表现出随着土层变深元素含量增加的趋势,从两者的对比来看,传统农田转变为速生林地后,在0-80 cm深度,速生林剖面土壤中的Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu等元素含量要高于传统农田,而在80 cm以下,速生林剖面土壤中的Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu等元素含量要低于传统农田。由此可见,速生林地的发展不仅消耗大量的土壤水分,对土壤肥力也产生了明显的负面影响,作为水分短缺且为我国粮食主产区的北方地区,不适宜大规模开展速生林种植。
In recent years, a large area of cultivated land has been planted with fast-growing forests in many areas of our country. In order to clarify the impact of fast growing forest on the physical and chemical properties of soil, this study adopted field sampling and physico-chemical test analysis methods to select the soil profile (0-120 cm) of adjacent poplar and poplar in the same household as the study Through the study of soil moisture and elemental content in the soil profile, this paper analyzes the influence of traditional farmland on the physical and chemical properties of soil after the transplanting fast growing forest in Shandong Province. The results showed that after the traditional farmland was changed to poplar, the soil moisture content decreased obviously, the overall profile decreased by 2.6 percentage points, and the decrease of 0-10 cm in the soil surface was the most obvious, with a difference of 6.28 percentage points. For the soil nutrients, the organic matter and The content of N, P and K is generally lower than that of traditional cultivated land, which is mainly attributed to the fact that the traditional farmland of straw and fertilizers are applied more than the plantation. The organic matter in deep soils of fast-growing forestland did not increase significantly compared with that of traditional farmland, which indicated that the deep soil in fast-growing forestland lacks the conditions for the formation of organic matter or the organic matter takes longer to form. From the perspective of soil elements, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu and other elements in corn field and fast-growing forest land all showed an increasing trend with the increasing of soil depth. From the comparison of the two, the traditional farmland turned into fast growing forest At the depth of 0-80 cm, the content of Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu and other elements in the soil of the fast-growing forest was higher than that of the traditional farmland. However, below 80 cm, the contents of Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu The content of other elements is lower than traditional farmland. Thus, the development of fast-growing woodland not only consumes a large amount of soil moisture, but also has a significant negative impact on soil fertility. As a shortage of water and the northern region of China’s major grain-producing areas, it is not suitable for large-scale fast-growing forest planting.