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民初国会,主要指1913年4月正式成立至11月被迫停止活动的第一届国会第一期常会,这是中国近代史上第一个正式代议机构。以往史学界在论及民初民主共和制度建立时,往往只谈到南京临时政府,而将民国二年的正式国会列入北洋军阀政治制度范围,从而妨障了对民初国会的正确评价和探讨。本文认为,民初国会是当时知识精英学习西方民主制度的理想的结晶,是民初民主共和制度建立的重要成果之一。探讨民初国会的建立及命运,有助于深入了解西方民主制度在当时中国现实政治文化环境中的状况,并获取有益的经验与教训。
The parliament of the early Republic of China mainly refers to the first ordinary session of the first parliament, which was formally established in April 1913 and forced to cease its operation in November. This is the first official representative agency in modern Chinese history. In the past, when discussing the establishment of the democratic republic system in the early Republican China, past historians often referred only to the interim government of Nanjing, and included the formal parliament of the Republic of China in the political system of the Northern Warlords for two years, thus obstructing the correct appraisal of the parliament in the early Republican China Discussion. This paper argues that the early Republican congress was the crystallization of the ideal elite’s study of the Western democratic system at the time and one of the important achievements in the establishment of the democratic republic system at the beginning of the Republic of China. Exploring the establishment and fate of the parliament in early Republic of China will help us understand the situation of the western democratic system in the real political and cultural environment of China at that time and gain useful experiences and lessons.