论文部分内容阅读
Early as in the ancient China， The Rites of Zhou came up with Six Arts， namely "ritual， music， archery， chariot-riding， calligraphy and mathematics"， among which archery and chariot-riding were military-related training. Coincidentally， the ancient Greek thinker Plato also stressed the importance of physical military training to the soul of a person in his Utopia.
According to historical records， after the Sino-Japanese War， the famous politician in modern history of China， Kang Youwei mentioned in Book of Great Harmony that "Now the westerns do gymnastics every day since they enter school， and have military training in order to strengthen the bones and muscles." Obviously， European countries and America already placed high emphasis on military training， the purpose of which was to "strengthen the bones and muscles". In 1912， the Republic of China enacted the "Provisional Act of General Education"， which clearly stated that "high school gymnastics should focus on military style". In the same year， military education was regarded as a purpose of education， requiring that every school of the nation should pay great attention to military training.
早在中国古代《周礼》中，即有六艺之说，即“礼、乐、射、御、书、数”，其中射与御都是与军事相关的训练。无独有偶，古希腊思想家柏拉图在其《理想国》中，也提及进行军事体育训练对一个人灵魂的重要性。
另据史料记载，在中日甲午战争后，中国近代史上著名政治家康有为在《大同书》中提到，“今白人自入童学，每日即有体操，皆习兵以强筋骨”。可见，以“强筋骨”为目的的训练在当时已经为欧美等国家所重视。1912年，中华民国颁布《普通教育暂行法》，明确规定了“高等小学以上体操应注重兵式”，同年正式将军事教育列入教育宗旨，令全国各学校都注重军训。
At present， Chinese colleges and universities have made military training one of the compulsory courses. Among them， the high school military training belongs to social practice activities， and its examination results of skills training and lectures of military knowledge will be recorded in the school files. In China's Military Service Law， there are chapters specifically for elaborating that， the Ministry of Education and the Department of Defense are to be responsible for the military training of colleges， universities and high schools. The chapters also pointed out that students "must receive basic military training."
In the United States， the Department of Defense has set up 351 Training Corps of Reserve Officers among 350 universities and more than 650 senior high schools， after graduation the reserve officers will be awarded the rank of Reserve Second Lieutenant. The main subjects of high school military training are sponsored by the federal government with its "Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps program" （abbreviation as JROTC）. However， different from China's "you must accept"， the American military service was abolished of after Vietnam War in 1973. Being enlisted or taking military training should be out of one’s own will. But in Russia， Putin made an order in 2000 as the Acting President that military training should be given to Russian students and patriotism education should be strengthened， calling on all Russian adolescents to spend five days a year in the regional military bases from the age of 15 to learn military skills， for instance， shooting.
目前，中国各高校军训已纳入必修课程。其中，高中生军训属于社会实践活动，其军事技能训练和军事知识讲座考核成绩将会载入本人学籍档案。在中国的《兵役法》中专门有章节阐述，规定高校和中学的军训由教育部和国防部负责，并指出大学生“必须接受基本军事训练。”
在美国，国防部在全国350所高等院校和650多所高级中学设立了351个后备役军官训练团，结业后授予预备役少尉军衔。对于高中生的主要军训科目，则是由联邦政府向全美公立高中赞助“少年预备役军官训练团项目”（英文简称JROTC）完成。但是，与中国的“必须接受”所不同，美国自1973年越南战争后废除兵役制，应征入伍和接受军训完全出于个人自愿。
而在俄罗斯，2000年时任代总统的普京下令，对俄罗斯学生普遍实行军训并加强爱国主义教育，号召所有俄罗斯男女少年从15岁开始，每年花5天驻在地区军事基地里，学习射击等军事技术。
Although different countries have different histories and training contents in the process of implementing youth military training， the responsibility and meanings of military training are highly unified.
The federal government’s opinion on the establishment of JROTC program was that it aimed to give high school students a better understanding of the army， and to cultivate， therefore， the students' sense of patriotism， sense of responsibility and sense of accomplishment to serve the United States.
The spokesperson of Chinese Ministry of Defense， Yang Yujun also said when he was answering the journalist’s question， that students of Chinese colleges and universities， vocational high schools and high schools should receive military training when they were at school， which was arranged according to the regulations of Military Service Law and the National Defense Education Act. "It has great significance for strengthening the reserve forces of national defense， enhancing trainees’ consciousness of national defense and improving personal fitness." he stressed.
虽然各国在青年军事训练进程中，历史走向和训练内容等各有不同，但军训所承担的责任和意义却高度统一。
美国联邦政府对JROTC项目的设立表示，其宗旨在于使高中生更加了解军队，从而培养学生的爱国意识及服务美国的责任感、成就感。
中国国防部新闻发言人杨宇军在答记者问中也表示，中国普通高校、职业高中和普通高中学生在校期间接受军事训练，是根据《兵役法》和《国防教育法》中有关规定作出的安排。“对于加强国防后备力量建设、增强受训人员国防意识、提高受训人员个人身体素质都有重要意义。”他强调。
According to historical records， after the Sino-Japanese War， the famous politician in modern history of China， Kang Youwei mentioned in Book of Great Harmony that "Now the westerns do gymnastics every day since they enter school， and have military training in order to strengthen the bones and muscles." Obviously， European countries and America already placed high emphasis on military training， the purpose of which was to "strengthen the bones and muscles". In 1912， the Republic of China enacted the "Provisional Act of General Education"， which clearly stated that "high school gymnastics should focus on military style". In the same year， military education was regarded as a purpose of education， requiring that every school of the nation should pay great attention to military training.
早在中国古代《周礼》中，即有六艺之说，即“礼、乐、射、御、书、数”，其中射与御都是与军事相关的训练。无独有偶，古希腊思想家柏拉图在其《理想国》中，也提及进行军事体育训练对一个人灵魂的重要性。
另据史料记载，在中日甲午战争后，中国近代史上著名政治家康有为在《大同书》中提到，“今白人自入童学，每日即有体操，皆习兵以强筋骨”。可见，以“强筋骨”为目的的训练在当时已经为欧美等国家所重视。1912年，中华民国颁布《普通教育暂行法》，明确规定了“高等小学以上体操应注重兵式”，同年正式将军事教育列入教育宗旨，令全国各学校都注重军训。
At present， Chinese colleges and universities have made military training one of the compulsory courses. Among them， the high school military training belongs to social practice activities， and its examination results of skills training and lectures of military knowledge will be recorded in the school files. In China's Military Service Law， there are chapters specifically for elaborating that， the Ministry of Education and the Department of Defense are to be responsible for the military training of colleges， universities and high schools. The chapters also pointed out that students "must receive basic military training."
In the United States， the Department of Defense has set up 351 Training Corps of Reserve Officers among 350 universities and more than 650 senior high schools， after graduation the reserve officers will be awarded the rank of Reserve Second Lieutenant. The main subjects of high school military training are sponsored by the federal government with its "Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps program" （abbreviation as JROTC）. However， different from China's "you must accept"， the American military service was abolished of after Vietnam War in 1973. Being enlisted or taking military training should be out of one’s own will. But in Russia， Putin made an order in 2000 as the Acting President that military training should be given to Russian students and patriotism education should be strengthened， calling on all Russian adolescents to spend five days a year in the regional military bases from the age of 15 to learn military skills， for instance， shooting.
目前，中国各高校军训已纳入必修课程。其中，高中生军训属于社会实践活动，其军事技能训练和军事知识讲座考核成绩将会载入本人学籍档案。在中国的《兵役法》中专门有章节阐述，规定高校和中学的军训由教育部和国防部负责，并指出大学生“必须接受基本军事训练。”
在美国，国防部在全国350所高等院校和650多所高级中学设立了351个后备役军官训练团，结业后授予预备役少尉军衔。对于高中生的主要军训科目，则是由联邦政府向全美公立高中赞助“少年预备役军官训练团项目”（英文简称JROTC）完成。但是，与中国的“必须接受”所不同，美国自1973年越南战争后废除兵役制，应征入伍和接受军训完全出于个人自愿。
而在俄罗斯，2000年时任代总统的普京下令，对俄罗斯学生普遍实行军训并加强爱国主义教育，号召所有俄罗斯男女少年从15岁开始，每年花5天驻在地区军事基地里，学习射击等军事技术。
Although different countries have different histories and training contents in the process of implementing youth military training， the responsibility and meanings of military training are highly unified.
The federal government’s opinion on the establishment of JROTC program was that it aimed to give high school students a better understanding of the army， and to cultivate， therefore， the students' sense of patriotism， sense of responsibility and sense of accomplishment to serve the United States.
The spokesperson of Chinese Ministry of Defense， Yang Yujun also said when he was answering the journalist’s question， that students of Chinese colleges and universities， vocational high schools and high schools should receive military training when they were at school， which was arranged according to the regulations of Military Service Law and the National Defense Education Act. "It has great significance for strengthening the reserve forces of national defense， enhancing trainees’ consciousness of national defense and improving personal fitness." he stressed.
虽然各国在青年军事训练进程中，历史走向和训练内容等各有不同，但军训所承担的责任和意义却高度统一。
美国联邦政府对JROTC项目的设立表示，其宗旨在于使高中生更加了解军队，从而培养学生的爱国意识及服务美国的责任感、成就感。
中国国防部新闻发言人杨宇军在答记者问中也表示，中国普通高校、职业高中和普通高中学生在校期间接受军事训练，是根据《兵役法》和《国防教育法》中有关规定作出的安排。“对于加强国防后备力量建设、增强受训人员国防意识、提高受训人员个人身体素质都有重要意义。”他强调。