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为了建立技术简便、成本低廉的二系杂交小麦种子生产体系 ,选育适应范围广泛的温敏不育系 ,采用多点分期播种和分期剪穗再生分蘖等方法 ,调查分析了小麦温度敏感不育系 A3314的育性转换条件 ,结果表明 :A3314在中国黄淮冬麦区、云贵冬麦区、西北春麦区、东北春麦区各点 ,按当地小麦生产正季播种均表现稳定雄性不育 ,雄性不育的安全播种期达 6 0 d左右 ;而在黄淮和云贵冬麦区春播、夏播则自交结实 ,适宜条件下自交结实率可达 6 0 %以上。杨陵 10期分期播种和 8期分期剪穗再生分蘖的育性与各期孕穗至开花期间的日平均气温、空气相对湿度、日长的关系分析表明 :A3314的育性具有温度敏感特性 ;孕穗期前后 8d,即减数分裂至单核期 ,是其育性转换的敏感时期 ,此期处于 >18.3℃温度条件下 ,A3314则由雄性不育转换为可育 ;育性转换与日长无显著相关 ;在敏感期>18℃的可育环境下 ,自交结实率与 4 0 %～ 80 %范围内的空气相对湿度呈显著正相关。根据 A 3314的温敏特性 ,推测它在中国大部分小麦产区均可安全用于杂交小麦制种。
In order to establish a simple, low-cost second-line hybrid wheat seed production system, breeding a wide range of temperature-sensitive genic male sterile lines, using multi-point sowing and staging scion regeneration tillers and other methods to investigate the wheat temperature-sensitive sterile Department of A3314 fertility conversion conditions, the results showed that: A3314 in China Huanghuizhan wheat area, Yunnan and Guizhou winter wheat area, northwest spring wheat area, Northeast spring wheat area, according to the local wheat production in the seasons showed stable male sterile, male sterile The safe sowing period reached about 60 days, while in spring and summer sowing of Huanghuai and Yungui winter wheat areas, self-fertility was achieved. Under the appropriate conditions, self-fertility rate was over 60%. The results showed that the fertility of A3314 had temperature-sensitive characteristics during booting and stage 8 spawning tillers of Yangling and the mean daily air temperature, air relative humidity and daily growth during booting stage to flowering stage. The booting stage 8d, that is, meiosis to mononuclear stage, is a sensitive period of fertility conversion, this period is at> 18.3 ℃ temperature conditions, A3314 is transformed from male to fertile fertility; fertility conversion and Japanese no significant Correlation; In the fertile environment of sensitive period> 18 ℃, self-fertility rate was positively correlated with air relative humidity in the range of 40% -80%. According to the temperature-sensitive nature of A 3314, it is speculated that it can be safely used for hybrid wheat seed production in most of China’s wheat growing areas.