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一、界说1.1 虽说施事是个老话题,但对这个概念外延的确定却不完全相同:有的界定范围相当宽,甚至包括处在形容词前面的名词性词语,称为广义的施事;有的界定范围又相当窄,仅指能主动发出某种动作,而且这个动作又必须有承受者(受事)的名词性词语。我们认为,术语外延的确定过宽或过窄都不太合适:过宽,施事作为语义概念就与语法概念——主语完全重合了,其概念本身就失去了存在价值;过窄,尽管有助于说明一些语言现象,但它所能解释的语言现象是非常有限的,那么其存在价值也将受到怀疑。
I. Definition 1.1 Although acting is an old topic, the definition of this concept is not exactly the same: some are quite broad in scope, and include even nominal terms in front of adjectives, which are called generalized ones. There are The scope of the definition is rather narrow, only refers to the initiative to issue some kind of action, and this action must have the recipient (affair) nominal terms. In our opinion, it is inappropriate to define the term epitaxy too broadly or too narrowly: if it is too wide, the act as a semantic concept completely coincides with the grammatical concept-subject, the concept itself loses its existence value; if it is too narrow, Help to illustrate some linguistic phenomena, but the linguistic phenomena it can interpret are very limited, and its value of existence is also under suspicion.