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目的评估血吸虫病流行地区无害化卫生厕所的建造质量。方法在目前仍然存在血吸虫病流行的湖南、湖北、江西、安徽、江苏、云南、四川7个省,每省随机抽取2个流行县,每县分别选取2个流行村,每村随机抽取30户农户进行卫生厕所建造质量现场调查。结果三格化粪池和三联式沼气池是血吸虫病流行农村地区改厕的主要类型,血吸虫病流行地区建造、使用的卫生厕所中,64.8%建造位置在室内或院内,52.6%建造位置与水体距离>10 m,75.0%出粪口上沿高度≥100 mm,96.1%使用陶瓷、塑料、水泥预制便器,98.2%厕屋面积>1.2 m2,95.8%厕屋完整。三格化粪池式卫生厕所中,仅有23.1%的户厕地下部分的建造设计符合或接近《血吸虫病流行地区农村改厕技术规范(试行)》的设计与施工要求。结论血吸虫病流行地区建造、使用的卫生厕所总体符合我国相关农村户厕卫生标准的要求,三格化粪池式卫生厕所地下部分的建造设计和施工亟待规范。
Purpose To assess the quality of decontamination sanitary latrines in endemic areas. Methods Currently, there are still seven endemic areas of Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Yunnan and Sichuan with schistosomiasis endemic. Two popular counties are randomly selected from each province, and two endemic villages are selected for each county. 30 villagers are randomly selected from each village Farmers to carry out sanitary toilet construction site quality survey. Results Three septic tanks and three biogas digesters were the main types of lavatories in the endemic rural areas where schistosomiasis was endemic. Of the sanitary latrines used in areas endemic for schistosomiasis, 64.8% were located indoors or at the hospital, with 52.6% Distance> 10 m, 75.0% Height above fecal exit ≥100 mm, 96.1% Use of ceramic, plastic, cement Prefabricated toilet, 98.2% Restroom area> 1.2 m2, 95.8% Restroom complete. Only three of the septic tank sanitation latrines, 23.1% of the construction of underground toilets designed to meet or approach the “schistosomiasis endemic areas rural lavat Technical Specifications (Trial)” design and construction requirements. Conclusions The sanitary latrines used and constructed in the endemic areas of schistosomiasis generally meet the requirements of sanitary standards for rural household toilets in China. The design and construction of the underground parts of three-septic tank toilets need to be standardized.