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目的:研究半显微性状鉴定法用于中药材真、伪鉴别的可行性。方法:选择两组常见易混淆药材为鉴定对象,分别设为1、2组,1组包括鹤虱、蛇床子;2组为虞美人种子及罂粟,采取体视显微镜、扫描仪、放大镜三种方式进行鉴定,分析两组药材的性状特点以及三种鉴定方式的优劣性,以探讨半显微性状鉴定法用于中药材真、伪性的可行性。结果:(1)2组不同方式鉴定结果:放大镜可基本实现1组药材的鉴定,但对2组虞美人种子及罂粟无法区分;扫描仪基本可鉴别两组药材,但对2组罂粟表面纹理观察模糊,鉴别结果有不确定性;体视显微镜可准确鉴别,对不同药材的差异可清晰反应。(2)药材鉴定特点:鹤虱边为棘状,蛇床子为光滑脊状;虞美人种子颜色暗淡,且表面浅网状,稍长,但罂粟则色泽光亮,为类圆形,表面可见深窝状。(3)检测方法比较:1放大镜:优点为操作简单、价格便宜、便于携带,缺点为分辨率较低,对表面细微纹路、质地等观察不佳;2扫描仪:优点为适用性广、便捷,与放大镜比较准确率高,分辨率高,适用基层医院,缺点为分辨率低于体视显微仪;3体视显微仪:优点为分辨率高,可观察扫描仪下未清晰显像的细节,缺点为价格昂贵,现阶段在在基层医院的推广不可行。结论:半显微性状鉴定法综合显微鉴定与性状鉴定的优点,鉴别中药材真、伪鉴别简单易行、准确率高,具有较高的临床应用价值。
Objective: To study the feasibility of semi-microscopic identification method for true and false identification of Chinese herbal medicines. Methods: Two groups of commonly confused medicinal materials were selected as identification objects, which were set as 1, 2 groups, 1 group including Louse and Cnidium; 2 groups were Poppy seed and poppy, with stereomicroscope, scanner and magnifying glass Way to identify the characteristics of the two groups of medicinal herbs and the advantages and disadvantages of three identification methods to explore the semi-microscopic identification method for the authenticity of Chinese herbal medicines feasibility. Results: (1) The identification results of two groups of different ways: the magnifying glass can basically realize the identification of one group of medicinal materials, but can not distinguish the two groups of corn poppy seed and poppy; the scanner can basically identify two groups of medicinal materials, but the two groups of poppy surface texture Obscure observation, identification results are uncertain; stereomicroscope can be accurately identified, the differences between different herbs can be clearly reflected. (2) identification characteristics of medicinal herbs: louse side of the spine-like, Cnidium is smooth ridge; corn poppy seed color dim, and the surface shallow reticular, slightly longer, but poppy color is bright, round, surface can be seen deep Nest shaped. (3) comparison of detection methods: a magnifying glass: the advantages of simple operation, cheap, easy to carry, the disadvantage of lower resolution, the surface of the fine lines, texture and poor observation; 2 scanner: advantages for the applicability of wide, convenient , Compared with the magnifying glass, high accuracy, high resolution, suitable for primary hospitals, the disadvantage is that the resolution is lower than the stereo microscope; 3 stereo microscope: the advantages of high resolution, observable under the scanner is not clear imaging The details of the disadvantage for the expensive, at this stage in the promotion of grass-roots hospitals is not feasible. Conclusion: The advantages of comprehensive microscopic identification and traits identification of semi-microscopic character identification method are simple, accurate and accurate, and it has high clinical value.