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乌蒙山区是中国西南贫困连片分布区,水资源短缺问题已成为制约当地生态环境建设和社会经济发展的重要因素。本文选取乌蒙山重点地区赫章县和纳雍县作为研究区,采用描述性统计、Piper三线图、相关性分析和离子比例系数法对地下水化学特征及成因进行了分析。结果表明:(1)Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)为地下水中主要阳离子,HCO-3和SO2-4为地下水中主要阴离子,微量元素检出率较高,部分含量超标。HCO3·SO4-Ca型、HCO3-Ca型、HCO3·SO4-Ca·Mg型为主要地下水水化学类型;(2)碳酸盐的溶解作用和硫化物的氧化作用是地下水中两种主要的水文地球化学过程,共同决定了地下水的离子构成和水化学类型,部分地区还存在石膏和岩盐的溶解,人类活动对地下水也有一定的影响。
Wumeng Mountain Area is a contiguous distribution of poverty in southwest China. The problem of water shortage has become an important factor restricting the construction of local ecological environment and social and economic development. In this paper, Hezhang County and Nayong County, the key areas of Wumeng Mountain, were chosen as the study area. The chemical characteristics and genesis of groundwater were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Piper three-line diagram, correlation analysis and ion ratio coefficient method. The results show that: (1) Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ are the major cations in groundwater; HCO-3 and SO 2 -4 are the major anions in groundwater; the detection rate of trace elements is high; HCO3 · SO4-Ca, HCO3-Ca and HCO3 · SO4-Ca · Mg are the main groundwater hydrochemical types; (2) The dissolution of carbonate and the oxidation of sulfide are the two main hydrological Geochemical processes together determine the groundwater ion composition and hydrochemical types, gypsum and rock salt in some areas there is the dissolution of human activities have a certain impact on groundwater.