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酸性沉降物包括干、湿两种沉降物,酸性湿沉降物一般系指pH<5.6的降雨,通常称为酸雨。酸雨中不仅含有大量H~+,而且还含有高浓度的具有酸化作用的SO_4~(2-)和NO_3~-等阴离子。这些阴离子主要来自人为排放源。酸雨中通常还含有多种金属阳离子、重金属、痕量元素和各种有机污染物。酸性沉降物对陆地生态和水生生态的影响,已成为全球范围的重大环境问题。在一些工业发达国家,特别是西北欧各国和北美东部,酸性沉降物已对生态环境,特别是水生生态环
Acidic sediments include both dry and wet sediments. Acidic wet sediments generally refer to rainfall at pH <5.6, commonly referred to as acid rain. Acid rain not only contains a large amount of H ~ +, but also contains a high concentration of acid with SO_4 ~ (2-) and NO_3 ~ - anions. These anions come mainly from anthropogenic sources. Acid rain usually contains a variety of metal cations, heavy metals, trace elements and various organic pollutants. The impact of acidic sediments on terrestrial ecology and aquatic ecology has become a major environmental issue worldwide. In some industrially developed countries, especially in Northwest Europe and eastern North America, acid sedimentation has been harmful to the ecological environment, especially the aquatic ecosystem