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目的分析西藏自治区昌都市人民医院5岁以下住院儿童营养不良和贫血状况及其影响因素,为制定儿童营养相关策略和政策提供科学依据。方法采用整群随机抽取法抽取1 208名住院儿童,用Z评分法和血红蛋白值评价儿童营养和贫血状况,用Logistic回归分析可能的影响因素,运用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计学分析。结果住院儿童的生长迟缓率为12.2%、低体重率为8.2%、消瘦率为6.8%、贫血率为20.2%,儿童生长迟缓率、低体重率、消瘦率和贫血率在各月龄组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),其中24~36月龄组生长迟缓率最高,低体重率、消瘦率和贫血率的患病高峰在6~12月龄,各月龄组性别间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多因素分析结果表明,儿童生长迟缓的影响因素是出生体重(OR=1.001),低体重的影响因素有月龄(OR=1.018)、出生体重(OR=1.001),消瘦的影响因素有月龄(OR=1.052)和出生体重(OR=1.001),贫血的影响因素为月龄(OR=1.028)。结论西藏自治区昌都市人民医院5岁以下住院儿童营养不良和贫血状况仍然较为严重,应针对各年龄段儿童营养不良状况特点制定相应干预措施,从而改善当地儿童营养健康状况。
Objective To analyze the prevalence of malnutrition and anemia among under-five children under 5 years old in Changdu Municipal People’s Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region and its influential factors, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating strategies and policies concerning children’s nutrition. Methods A total of 1 208 in-hospital children were enrolled in the randomized cluster sampling method. Children’s nutrition and anemia were evaluated by Z-score and hemoglobin. Logistic regression was used to analyze the possible influencing factors. SPSS 13.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results The rate of growth retardation in hospitalized children was 12.2%, the rate of low weight was 8.2%, the rate of wasting was 6.8% and the rate of anemia was 20.2%. The rate of children with growth retardation, low weight, wasting rate and anemia were significantly higher in all age groups (P <0.01). Among them, the growth retardation rate was the highest in 24-36 month group, and the prevalence of low weight, wasting rate and anemia ranged from 6 to 12 months, There was no significant difference (P> 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the influencing factors of children’s growth retardation were birth weight (OR = 1.001), low birth weight (OR = 1.018) and birth weight (OR = 1.001) (OR = 1.052) and birth weight (OR = 1.001). The influencing factors of anemia were age of months (OR = 1.028). Conclusions Malnutrition and anemia in children under 5 years of age in Changdu Municipal People’s Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region are still relatively serious. Corresponding intervention measures should be formulated according to the characteristics of malnutrition in children of all ages so as to improve the nutrition and health of local children.