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近年来随着锅炉压力容器制造工业、电力工业、化工工业等的蓬勃发展,无损检测在这些工业中的运用也相应有了很大的发展,尤其是对锅炉压力容器的产品质量要求越来越高,因此无损检测的工作量也越来越大。而γ和χ射线探伤又是最广泛和最普遍运用的一种常规探伤方法。由于γ和χ射线具有危害的生物学作用,所以必须采用有效的措施,以保证工作人员和周围群众所接受的照射剂量在最高容许剂量水平以下。采用屏蔽防护是削弱辐射的有效措施之一。屏蔽计算方法很多,本文的出发点是根据实用、准确、简便的原则,介绍几种r和χ射线的屏蔽计算方法,并对各种方法进行误差分析,以供设计照射场时运用。
In recent years, boilers and pressure vessel manufacturing industry, power industry, chemical industry, etc., the development of non-destructive testing in the use of these industries have also been a considerable development, especially for the boiler pressure vessel product quality requirements more and more High, so the workload of non-destructive testing is also growing. Γ and χ-ray flaw detection is the most widely used and most commonly used conventional flaw detection method. Since γ and χ rays have a detrimental biological effect, effective measures must be taken to ensure that exposures to workers and the general public are below the maximum allowable dose levels. The use of shielding is one of the effective measures to weaken the radiation. There are many methods of shielding calculation. The starting point of this paper is to introduce several shielding calculation methods of r and χ-ray according to the principle of practicality, accuracy and simplicity, and analyze the error of various methods for the design of the irradiation field.