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目的了解合肥市初中学生健康素养水平现状,探讨提高初中学生健康素养水平的途径和方法,为制定和评价初中学生健康素养政策和干预措施提供依据。方法采取分层整群随机抽样方法,在合肥市每县区随机抽取1所初中,在抽选的初中再随机抽取初二年级一个班的全部学生进行问卷调查。结果调查的合肥市初中学生健康素养水平为3.5%、具备基本知识和理念、健康生活方式与行为、基本技能水平的分别为32.1%、26.8%、6.9%。初中生的6类健康问题素养水平由高到低依次为安全与急救(52.9%)、科学健康观(47.8%)、健康信息(24.8%)、慢性病防治(21.2%)、传染病防治(19.0%)、基本医疗(2.2%)。城区学生具备健康素养水平与乡镇学生比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。男性学生具备健康素养水平与女性学生比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论应提高初中生整体健康素养和基本技能水平,加强对初中学生基本医疗、传染病防治、慢性病防治的健康素养知识宣传教育,提高初中学生看病就医、防治疾病的健康意识和自我保健能力。
Objective To understand the status quo of health literacy of middle school students in Hefei and explore ways and means to improve their health literacy so as to provide basis for formulating and evaluating health literacy policies and interventions for junior high school students. Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was adopted. One junior high school was randomly selected in each counties and districts in Hefei. All the students in the first grade and the second grade were randomly selected from the middle schools of the lottery for questionnaire survey. Results The level of health literacy among junior middle school students in Hefei was 3.5%, with basic knowledge and concept, healthy lifestyles and behaviors, and basic skills at 32.1%, 26.8% and 6.9% respectively. Junior high school students’ health literacy levels from high to low were safety and first aid (52.9%), scientific health (47.8%), health information (24.8%), chronic disease prevention and treatment (21.2% %), Basic medical care (2.2%). Urban students have the level of health literacy and township students, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). Male students with health literacy levels compared with female students, the difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). Conclusions The overall health literacy and basic skills of junior high school students should be improved. The propaganda and education of health literacy knowledge of junior high school students on basic medical care, prevention and control of infectious diseases, and prevention and treatment of chronic diseases should be enhanced so as to improve their health awareness and self-care ability.