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一、匈牙利经济体制转型的历程20世纪初,匈牙利是当时奥匈帝国的一部分,并且在所有欧洲国家中人均国内生产总值名列前茅。1948年,第二次世界大战后,匈牙利政府采用了前苏联的经济发展模式,以计划经济为核心,并强调工业化,特别是重工业的发展。这个发展规划与当时以农业为主的匈牙利经济特征不吻合。所以,和前苏联一样,匈牙利当时的消费品比较缺乏,人民的生活水平也比较低。20世纪50年代末和60年
First, the process of restructuring the Hungarian economic system Early 20th century, Hungary was part of Austro-Hungarian Empire, and in all European countries among the highest GDP per capita. In 1948, after the Second World War, the Hungarian government adopted the economic development model of the former Soviet Union, centered on the planned economy and emphasized the industrialization, especially the development of heavy industry. This development plan does not correspond to the Hungarian economic characteristics of the then predominantly agricultural sector. Therefore, as in the former Soviet Union, the then consumer goods in Hungary were scarce and the living standards of the people were relatively low. The late 1950s and 1960s