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一、前言 大自然给人类以无穷的生机,但也给人类带来了许多灾害。在我国辽阔的海疆,海洋灾害使沿海人民屡遭侵扰,它与气象灾害、地震灾害和火山灾害,并称为四大自然灾害。据不完全统计,我国自公元前48年到公元1948年间因海啸的袭击死亡90.7万人;日本在1200—1975年中因风水害、干旱等气象灾害使208.8万人丧命;全球自公元1700—1981年间,在强烈地震中共死亡292.5万人,在公元79—1963年期间因火山爆发死亡了28.7万人。在我国
I. Preface Nature gives mankind with endless vitality, but it also brings many disasters to mankind. In the vast maritime border of China, marine disasters have caused repeated intrusion on the coasts. It has been linked to meteorological disasters, earthquake disasters and volcanic disasters, and is also referred to as the four major natural disasters. According to incomplete statistics, 907,000 people died of the tsunami in China from 48 BC to AD 1948. In Japan, 208.8 million people died from meteorological hazards such as wind and water damage and droughts from 1200 to 1975; In 1981, a total of 2.955 million people died in a violent earthquake and a total of 287,000 people died of volcanic eruptions between 79 and 1963. In my country