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目的了解北京市城区支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)患者的控制现状和对疾病的认知程度,为进一步开展本地区的哮喘防治工作提供参考依据。方法由6个城区所在的6所大型教学医院完成。调查开始前对参与调查的医师进行集中统一培训。采用与患者面对面的调查方法。结果完成此次问卷调查的患者共527例,87.1%(459/527)的患者享受医疗保障体系。根据全球哮喘防治创议(GINA)的严重度分级标准,其中间歇状态、轻度持续、中度持续和重度持续的比例分别为19.2%(101/527),26.0%(137/527),36.8%(194/527)和18.0%(95/527)。19.5%(103/527)的患者在过去的一年中因疾病加重而住院,29.2%(154/527)的患者因疾病加重需要看急诊。在职上班者中,因疾病加重请假误工者为33.8%(76/225)。22例学牛中休病假4例(18.2%)。参照获得哮喘最佳控制研究(GOAL)制定的完全控制和良好控制标准,完全控制率为25.2%(133/527),良好控制率为27.7%(146/527)。在过去的1年中进行肺功能随访的患者仅46.1%(243/527)。拥有峰流速仪者为23.1%(122/527),每日规律使用峰流速仪者仅6.1%(32/527)。患者每日规律吸入糖皮质激素的比例为59.6%(314/527)。患者对疾病的认知程度较前有明显提高。结论随着近年来对哮喘长期管理工作的重视以及哮喘规范化治疗的推广,哮喘总体控制水平有明显改善,患者对疾病的认知程度也有较大程度的提高。
Objective To understand the status of control and the cognition of the disease in patients with bronchial asthma (referred to as asthma) in urban area of Beijing and provide reference for further carrying out the prevention and treatment of asthma in this area. The method is completed by 6 large teaching hospitals in 6 urban areas. Prior to the survey, all participating physicians will be trained centrally and uniformly. Face-to-face survey methodology. Results A total of 527 patients completed the survey, 87.1% (459/527) of patients enjoy the medical security system. According to the severity grading standards of GINA, 19.2% (101/527), 26.0% (137/527) and 36.8% of them were intermittent, mild persistent, moderate persistent and severe persistent, respectively (194/527) and 18.0% (95/527). 19.5% (103/527) of patients were hospitalized for exacerbations in the past year, and 29.2% (154/527) of patients required urgent visits because of increased exacerbations. Of those who worked on duty, 33.8% (76/225) were those who lost their work due to illness. 22 cases of sick leave in sick in 4 cases (18.2%). According to the criteria of complete control and good control developed by GOAL, the complete control rate was 25.2% (133/527) and the good control rate was 27.7% (146/527). Only 46.1% (243/527) of patients had lung function follow-ups in the past year. 23.1% (122/527) had peak flow rate, and only 6.1% (32/527) used peak flow rate daily. Patients regularly inhaled glucocorticoid ratio was 59.6% (314/527). The patient’s awareness of the disease significantly increased compared with the previous. Conclusion With the emphasis on long-term management of asthma in recent years and the promotion of standardized treatment of asthma, the overall level of asthma control has been significantly improved, and the patients’ awareness of the disease has also been greatly improved.