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血管炎的基本病变为血管壁的炎症与坏死,接受累血管的类型、大小、部位、炎症病期和病损特点,可产生多种不同的临床综合征。病理上血管壁有细胞浸润和坏死,并有纤维样物沉积,也可累及血管周围区。细胞浸润在急性期主要表现为多形核粒细胞和不同数量的嗜酸性粒细胞;慢性期为大单核细胞、淋巴细胞和浆细胞;在有些类型的血管炎可见多核巨细胞,血管内皮水肿、增生并有出血,终于使血管管腔狭窄、闭塞,引起组织缺血与坏死。血管炎有原发和继发之分。本文只涉及原发性者,继发性者不在此介绍。
Vasculitis, the basic lesion of inflammation and necrosis of the vessel wall, to accept the type of vascular involvement, size, location, stage of inflammation and lesion characteristics, can produce a variety of different clinical syndromes. Pathological vascular wall cell infiltration and necrosis, and fibroids deposition, but also involving the perivascular area. Infiltration of cells in the acute phase of the main manifestations of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and different numbers of eosinophils; chronic mononuclear cells, lymphocytes and plasma cells; in some types of vasculitis visible multinucleated giant cells, vascular endothelial edema , Hyperplasia and bleeding, and finally make the vascular lumen stenosis, occlusion, causing tissue ischemia and necrosis. Vasculitis has primary and secondary points. This article deals only with the primary, secondary are not introduced here.