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In the past 50 years,dramatic advances have been achieved in male infertility treatment.Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) provides an effective manipulation for bypassing some severe etiologies of male fertility.However,some men may encounter difficulty in semen collection by masturbation on demand at the time of undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART).If a patient is unable to provide semen by masturbation,he has to undergo testicular sperm extraction (TESE) to collect spermatozoa for ICSI,which is expensive and invasive.