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通过田间试验,采用单因素(覆盖方式)四个处理(渗水地膜覆盖、普通地膜覆盖、秸秆覆盖和露地)随机区组设计,研究了新型的、具有单向渗水特性的塑料薄膜-渗水地膜覆盖对旱作玉米生理特性、产量构成因素及产量的影响。结果表明:渗水膜覆盖玉米的茎、叶鞘和雄穗的含水量分别为5.786、3.837和2.171,均高于其它处理。叶片含水量高于普通膜覆盖,低于秸秆覆盖和露地;渗水膜覆盖的玉米叶片的电导率平均0.266,干旱等逆境对细胞膜的伤害程度较小;渗水膜覆盖的玉米穗位叶叶绿素a、b的含量均高于其它处理,分别为0.218mg/g和0.094mg/g(鲜重);渗水地膜覆盖玉米的蒸腾速率、气孔导度、细胞间隙CO2浓度和净光合速率均明显高于其它处理;渗水地膜覆盖的玉米叶面积综合来看进行光合作用的有效时间、面积优于其它三个处理;渗水膜覆盖玉米的单株叶面积株体分布特点,即其株型更有利于籽粒产量的积累。渗水膜覆盖旱地玉米的干物质积累快于其它处理;在产量构成因素方面,渗水膜覆盖增产表现为单位面积穗数、穗粒数与其它处理比较有所增加,千粒重差异较小。不同处理的出籽率与经济系数的变化基本相适应。渗水膜覆盖玉米的产量与其它三处理间差异达极显著水平,平均产量7846.2kg/hm2。
A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of a new type of plastic film with one-way seepage characteristics, ie water seepage film mulching, on the randomized block design of four treatments (water seeping mulch, common mulching, straw mulch and open ground) Effects of Dry Matter on Physiological Characteristics, Yield Components and Yield of Maize. The results showed that the water content of stems, leaf sheaths and tassels covered by water permeable membrane were 5.786, 3.387 and 2.171, respectively, which were higher than other treatments. The leaf water content was higher than that of common membrane and lower than that of straw mulch and open field. The conductivity of corn leaf covered by water-permeable membrane was 0.266 on average, and the damage of cell membrane caused by drought and other stress was less. Chlorophyll a, b were higher than those of other treatments, which were 0.218mg / g and 0.094mg / g fresh weight respectively. Transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration and net photosynthetic rate of maize covered with water-permeable plastic film were significantly higher than other treatments Treatment; seepage mulching maize leaf area comprehensive point of view photosynthesis effective time, the area is better than the other three treatments; seepage membrane covering corn leaf area per plant characteristics, that is, its plant type is more conducive to grain yield Accumulation. The dry matter accumulation of dryland maize covered by water-permeable membrane was faster than that of other treatments. In terms of yield components, the coverage of water-permeable membrane was increased as the number of panicles per unit area, and the grains per spike increased compared with other treatments, while the difference of 1000-grain weight was small. The seed treatment rate of different treatments basically corresponded with the change of economic coefficient. The water yield of maize covered with water-permeable membrane reached the extremely significant level with the other three treatments with the average yield of 7846.2kg / hm2.