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德莱塞的《嘉莉妹妹》在发表之初就因缺乏“道德”而饱受批评。然而从具体文本出发,结合历史环境进行全面考察,就可发现《嘉莉妹妹》具有强烈的伦理意义,小说人物的重要行为都是在物质欲望驱动下的伦理选择。人物的选择空间确保了个体行为的伦理性质,而不同人物选择的相似性表达了消费时代的伦理现状。德莱塞通过人物的命运对物质至上的社会伦理进行了质疑与反思。德莱塞认为,以满足物质欲望为目标的生活,很难保证真正的幸福。同时德莱塞对精神追求的强调和对慈善事业的描述,不仅为灰暗的时代面貌增添了亮色,同时也指明了希望所在。
Dreiser’s Sister Carrie was widely criticized for lack of “morality” at the time of publication. However, starting from a concrete text and conducting a comprehensive investigation based on the historical environment, we can find that “Sister Carrie” has a strong ethical significance. The important behaviors of the characters are all ethical choices driven by material desires. The space of character selection ensures the ethical nature of individual behavior, while the similarity of different personages expresses the ethical status quo in the consumption age. Dreiser questioned and reconsidered the materialistic social ethics through the fate of characters. Dreiser believes that in order to satisfy the material desires as the goal of life, it is difficult to guarantee the true happiness. At the same time, Dreiser’s emphasis on spiritual pursuit and his description of philanthropy not only added bright colors to the gloomy era, but also indicated his hope.