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大豆抗病毒病育种与其他抗病育种一样,抗源在育种中具有决定作用。没有优良的抗病种质材料是很难育出抗病性强的品种的。六十年代末期从约400个品种和品系中鉴定出抗病毒病(花叶病)较强的种质材料有齐黄1号、徐豆1号和科黄3号。1968年至1973年以抗病品种为亲本与不抗病的地方品种和新育成的品种(系)、杂交,共配制了98个杂交组合,只有两个组合(58—161×徐豆1号和科黄3号×6825—3—11—1)的杂种后代的经济性状和抗病性表现较好。通过单株系谱法从这两个组合中选出四个抗病优质新品种。根据河南、安徽和北京等省市品种区域试验结果,科系4号、科黄8号和早熟13号分别比对照增产10—17％、28—52％和30—50％。抗性鉴定结果表明,这些品种叶子的抗病能力很强,种子不生褐斑或极轻(表4)。它们是优良的抗病毒病的种质材料,利用它们为抗源已培育出许多优良品种和品系。
Soybean antiviral disease breeding and other disease-resistant breeding, the same source of resistance in breeding has a decisive role. There is no good disease-resistant germplasm material is difficult to breed resistant varieties. From about 400 varieties and lines in the late 1960’s, germplasm materials with strong antiviral disease (mosaic disease) were identified as Qihuang 1, Xudou 1 and Kehuang 3. From 1968 to 1973, 98 hybrid combinations were made by crossing resistant varieties with non-resistance local varieties and new breeding varieties (lines). Only two combinations (58-161 × Xu Dou 1 And Kehuang No.3 × 6825-3-11-1) had better economic traits and disease resistance. Four high-quality disease-resistant varieties were selected from these two combinations by single-line pedigree. According to the regional test results of Henan, Anhui and Beijing provinces, the yield of families Keke 4, Kehuang 8 and precocity 13 were increased by 10-17%, 28-52% and 30-50% respectively. Resistance identification showed that the leaves of these cultivars were highly resistant to disease and had no brown spots or light seeds (Table 4). They are excellent germplasm materials for antiviral diseases, and they have been used to develop many excellent varieties and strains for their resistance.