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在同时考虑热量、动量和质量传输的基础上建立了三维凝固有限元模型,其模拟结果如凝固进程、缩管及偏析等已得到以往试验和数值研究的验证。基于该模型,预测了某厂13.1t扁锭凝固缩松和偏析等缺陷的分布特征,并根据铸锭致密度和均质性分析结果对宽厚比和高径比进行了优化设计。结果表明,宽厚比和高径比均对扁锭凝固内部质量具有重要影响,且两者优化后对Q235中心疏松和偏析的改善程度比70CrMn显著。对于“一型多用”的钢锭模来说,应按照高合金钢种凝固质量控制进行结构设计。钢锭凝固过程中缩松与偏析相伴而生,这在数值模型中应该同时考虑。
Based on the consideration of heat, momentum and mass transfer, a three-dimensional solidification finite element model was established. The simulation results, such as the solidification process, shrinkage and segregation, have been verified by previous experiments and numerical studies. Based on this model, the distribution characteristics of 13.1 t slab solidification shrinkage and segregation were predicted. Based on the ingot density and homogeneity analysis results, the aspect ratio and aspect ratio were optimized. The results show that both aspect ratio and height to diameter ratio have an important influence on the internal quality of slab solidification, and the improvement of both is more significant than that of 70CrMn on Q235 center loosening and segregation. For the “one type of multi-purpose” ingot mold, the structure design should be based on the solidification quality control of high alloy steel. In the process of solidification, ingot shrinkage and segregation accompanied by Health, which should be considered in the numerical model.