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本文通过对乔治·艾略特的历史小说《罗慕拉》的解读,试图揭示这部作品蕴涵的伦理与历史关怀。作为维多利亚时期的一位哲人小说家,艾略特非常关注在基督教信仰日益受到科学与现代性社会发展挑战的背景下,英国社会所面临的道德价值与伦理生活的危机。通过表现15世纪末佛罗伦萨社会里中世纪基督教秩序与世俗政治以及人文主义思想之间的冲突,艾略特试图说明现代性社会必须要在被宗教所代表的、能够超越个体的终极价值关怀与世俗化过程中产生的自由主义与个人主义之间寻找到一个新的道德及伦理价值的综合。现代社会无法再回到中世纪基督教的政治-社会秩序,但是完全以“人”本身(欲望和理性)为最高价值的文化与道德定位也无法解决现代人面临的精神困境。《罗慕拉》是艾略特思考现代人伦理生活的哲理小说;同时,《罗慕拉》将个体的道德成长与宏观层面上人类社会的整体演进紧密地结合起来,开创了艾略特晚期小说作品的基本模式。从这个意义上说,《罗慕拉》也标志着艾略特小说创作生涯中的一个承前启后的转折点。
This essay attempts to reveal the ethical and historical concern contained in this work through the interpretation of the historical novel Romula by George Eliot. As a philosopher novelist in Victorian era, Eliot paid great attention to the crisis of moral values and ethical life faced by British society in the context of the increasingly challenge of the Christian faith being challenged by the development of the society of science and modernity. By reflecting the conflict between Christian order and secular politics and humanist thinking in the Florentine society of the late 15th century, Eliot attempts to demonstrate that modernity society must be represented by religion in a way that transcends the ultimate value of caring and secularization of the individual In the resulting liberalism and individualism to find a new combination of moral and ethical values. Modern society can no longer return to the political-social order of medieval Christianity. However, it is impossible to solve the spiritual predicament confronting the modern people with the cultural and moral orientation of “human ” itself (desire and reason) as its highest value. “Romula” is Eliot’s philosophical novel about the ethical life of modern people; at the same time, “Romula” closely integrates the moral growth of individuals with the overall evolution of human society at the macro level, creating the late Eliot The basic model of fiction works. In this sense, “Romulas” also marks a turning point in the creative career of Eliot’s novels.