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目的 评价比较农村外出务工人员和留守居民艾滋病防治知识宣传效果,为开展有针对性的宣传提供依据.方法 采用分阶段抽样,抽取四川省4县的农村留守居民,统一对各县(市、区)的调查骨干(由疾病预防控制中心专业人员)进行培训后,调查人员分别于艾滋病防治知识宣传前后对同一对象进行调查.结果 艾滋病防治知识宣传前后农村留守居民和在外务工人员的艾滋病知晓比例分别为86.9％、99.9％和91.9％、99.9％,艾滋病危害知晓率为77.4％、97.4％和87.1％、99.2％,艾滋病防治知识总知晓率为40.5％、77.6％和69.1％、85.4％,艾滋病检测信息知晓率为32.6％、86.7％和46.3％、88.4％,上述差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).且宣传后在外务工人员艾滋病危害知晓率及艾滋病防护知识总知晓率均高于留守居民,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 该次艾滋病防治知识的宣传工作效果较显著,今后开展农村艾滋病健康教育活动要针对不同人群应该选择不同的预防艾滋病干预措施.“,”Objective To evaluate and compare the publicity effect of AIDS prevention knowledge between rural migrant workers and leftover residents for future pertinent publicity measures.Methods Stage sampling was adopted to survey rural leftover residents in 4 counties of Sichuan province before and after the publicity.Results Before and after the publicity,the awareness rates of knowing AIDS in leftover residents and rural migrant workers were respectively 86.9％ vs.99.9％ and 91.9％ vs.99.9％.Correspondingly,awareness rates of harm of AIDS were respectively 77.4％ vs.97.4％and 87.1％ vs.99.2％ ; the awareness rates of AIDS prevention knowledge were 40.5％ vs.77.6％ and 69.1％ vs.85.4％; the awareness rates of AIDS test were 32.6％ vs.86.7％ and 46.3％ vs.88.4％.The differences of rates before and after publicity showed statistical differences (all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The publicity of AIDS prevention knowledge is significantly effect.Health education measures should be tailored according to different populations.