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目的探讨乌鲁木齐市维吾尔族与汉族新生儿脐带血中谷胱甘肽s转移酶(GST)M1与T1基因多态性与低出生体重的关系。方法采用1∶3病例对照研究方法,收集新生儿脐带血并提取DNA,采用多重等位基因特异聚合酶链反应(PCR)方法分析GSTM1和GSTT1基因多态性。结果GSTM1缺失基因型为60.5%,GSTT1缺失基因型为5%,同时具有GSTM1和GSTT1缺失基因型的频率为3.5%。正常出生体重新生儿脐血中GSTT1基因型缺失的频率与低出生体重儿之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。GSTT1基因型缺失的频率在维吾尔族正常与低出生体重新生儿间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。维吾尔族正常出生体重与低出生体重新生儿间各组合基因型频率构成比分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论脐血中GSTT1基因型缺失可能会增加新生儿低出生体重的发生,也会增加维吾尔族新生儿低出生体重的发生。而脐血中GSTM1基因型缺失可能不会影响新生儿低出生体重的发生。维吾尔族不同出生体重新生儿间各组合基因型频率构成比分布有差异。因此应全面了解低出生体重发生的原因,从而提高新生儿的出生质量。
Objective To investigate the relationship between glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1 and T1 gene polymorphisms and low birth weight in umbilical cord blood of Uighur and Han Chinese newborns in Urumqi. Methods A 1: 3 case-control study was conducted to collect neonatal umbilical cord blood and to extract DNA. Multiple allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to analyze GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms. Results The frequency of GSTM1 deletion genotype was 60.5%, GSTT1 deletion genotype was 5%, and GSTM1 and GSTT1 deletion genotypes were 3.5%. There was a significant difference between the frequency of GSTT1 genotype loss and low birth weight infants in normal birth weight neonates (P <0.05). The frequency of GSTT1 genotype deletion was significantly different between Uighur normal and low birth weight neonates (P <0.05). The Uygur normal birth weight and low birth weight neonates in each genotype frequency composition ratio distribution was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion The deletion of GSTT1 genotype in umbilical cord blood may increase the incidence of low birth weight and increase the low birth weight of newborns in Uighur. The loss of GSTM1 genotype in cord blood may not affect the incidence of low birth weight in newborns. There are differences in the frequency distribution of genotypes between different birth weight neonates in Uighur ethnic groups. Therefore, we should fully understand the causes of low birth weight, thereby enhancing the birth quality of newborns.