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目的分析百色市1996-2015年流行性乙型脑炎的流行病学特征,为制定乙脑预防控制策略提供科学依据。方法收集近20年百色市流行性乙型脑炎疫情报告资料,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果 1996-2015年百色市共报告流行性乙型脑炎病例618例,死亡36例,年平均发病率为0.86/10万,病死率为5.83%,其中2005年发病率最高为1.98/10万,2013年发病率最低为0.03/10万;发病高峰为每年的6-8月,12个县(区)均有发病,年平均发病率居前二位的为乐业县和凌云县;96.76%病例为15岁以下人群,以散居儿童(52.75%)和学生(36.89%)为主。结论百色市流行性乙型脑炎发病呈明显下降趋势,但发病高峰和发病年龄没有明显后移。应在维持流行性乙型脑炎疫苗常规免疫接种率的基础上,加强对重点人群、高发地区开展流行性乙型脑炎监测和防治工作。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Japanese encephalitis from 1996 to 2015 in Baise city and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control strategy of Japanese encephalitis. Methods The data of epidemic situation of Japanese encephalitis in Baise City collected in recent 20 years were collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results A total of 618 cases of Japanese encephalitis were reported in Baise City from 1996 to 2015, with 36 deaths. The average annual incidence was 0.86 / 100 000 and the case fatality rate was 5.83%. The highest incidence in 2005 was 1.98 / 100 000 , The lowest incidence was 0.03 / 100,000 in 2013; the peak incidence was from June to August of each year, with incidence in 12 counties (districts) and the top two annual incidence rates were Leye County and Lingyun County; 96.76 % Of cases were under 15 years of age, mainly diathesis children (52.75%) and students (36.89%). Conclusions The incidence of Japanese encephalitis in Baise City shows a declining trend, but the peak incidence and the age of onset have no obvious shift. On the basis of maintaining the conventional immunization rate of Japanese encephalitis vaccine, the monitoring and prevention and control of Japanese encephalitis in key populations and areas with high incidence should be strengthened.