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目的了解和评价河北省营养改善计划实施地区中小学生的贫血状况,为儿童、青少年贫血的防治提供依据。方法采用分层抽样的方法,选取11所学校的中小学生为研究对象,使用氰化高铁法测定其血红蛋白水平。按照WHO贫血筛查标准进行贫血判定。结果接受检测的2 078人中,贫血的检出率为7.6%;男、女生贫血检出率分别为7.9%、7.3%,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.249,P>0.05);小学生的血红蛋白均值低于初中生,差异有统计学意义(t=8.14,P<0.01);初中生中男、女生的血红蛋白均值分别为147.0 g/L、137.5 g/L,差异有统计学意义(t=7.774,P<0.01);消瘦人群中的血红蛋白均值低于正常人群,差异有统计学意义(t=3.324,P<0.01);2012年-2014年贫血率分别为12.2%、11.4%、7.6%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=26.103,P<0.05)。结论实施营养改善计划的河北省贫困地区中小学生贫血率有所下降。
Objective To understand and evaluate the status of anemia in primary and secondary school students in areas where nutrition improvement is implemented in Hebei Province and provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of anemia in children and adolescents. Methods By stratified sampling method, eleven primary and secondary school students were selected as the research object, and the hemoglobin level was determined by cyanidation method. Anemia was determined according to WHO anemia screening criteria. Results The detection rate of anemia among the 2 078 people tested was 7.6%. The prevalence of anemia among boys and girls was 7.9% and 7.3%, respectively, with no significant difference (χ2 = 0.249, P> 0.05) The mean hemoglobin of junior middle school students was 147.0 g / L and 137.5 g / L respectively, the difference was statistically significant = 7.774, P <0.01). The average hemoglobin in the wasting population was lower than that in the normal population (t = 3.324, P <0.01). The rates of anemia in 2012-2014 were 12.2%, 11.4%, 7.6 %, The difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 26.103, P <0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of anemia among primary and secondary school students in impoverished areas in Hebei Province has declined due to the implementation of nutrition improvement plan.