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目前理论与试验研究指出,焊接残余应力的水平与分布对铝合金薄板的尺寸稳定性影响很大。通过在两端引入平行于焊缝方向且低于材料屈服极限的预拉应力,借助X射线应力测试仪与三坐标测量机研究2A12高强铝合金薄板的焊后残余应力水平及分布与板的挠曲变形。结果表明,残余应力幅度可表征金属构件潜在尺寸变形能力,引入预应力可显著降低焊后残余应力水平,均化应力分布,并强化构件尺寸稳定性。
At present, theoretical and experimental studies show that the level and distribution of welding residual stress greatly affect the dimensional stability of the aluminum alloy sheet. By introducing a pre-stress parallel to the weld direction and lower than the yield limit of the material at both ends, the post-weld residual stress level and distribution of the 2A12 high-strength aluminum alloy sheet were investigated by X-ray stress tester and CMM. Curved deformation. The results show that the residual stress amplitude can characterize the potential dimensional deformation of metal components. The introduction of prestressing can significantly reduce the post-weld residual stress level, homogenize the stress distribution and strengthen the dimensional stability of the components.