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一、历史回顾我国国有企业管理制度和经营机制形成于五十年代中期。经过三十多年的演变。现有的企业调度和经营机制发生了很大变化。为论述方便起见。不妨先对我国国有企业管理制度和经营机制的演进作一简要回顾。五十年代中期形成的企业管理制度和经营机制,是在适于中央高度集中统一的计划体制模式下,国家对企业实行“统收统支”、“统包统配”的直接管理,企业才能按国家指令计划组织生产,在人财物、供产销等方面没有自主权,企业吃国家的“大锅饭”,职工吃企业的“大锅饭”,抑制了企业和职工的积极性。针对中央管得过死,地方和企业都没有积极性的弊病,曾在五十年代后期和六十年代中期,两次调整管理体制。但是,这两次调整,由于主要是围绕中央和地方管理权限作文章,没有触及企业经营自主权问题,同时又因时机选择不当,收效甚微。
I. Historical Review China’s state-owned enterprise management system and operating mechanism were formed in the mid-1950s. After thirty years of evolution. The existing business scheduling and operating mechanism has undergone great changes. For exposition convenience. We may as well start with a brief review of the evolution of our state-owned enterprise management system and operating mechanism. The enterprise management system and operating mechanism formed in the mid-1950s are based on the planned system mode that is highly centralized and unified by the central government. The state can directly manage the enterprises through “unification and unification, According to the state instruction plan to organize production, there is no autonomy in terms of people’s property, production and sales. Enterprises eat the country’s ”big pot of rice“ and the workers eat the ”big pot of rice", which inhibits the enthusiasm of enterprises and staff. In the mid-1950s and the mid-1960s, the management system was adjusted twice in the face of the shortcomings of a centrally administered central government and its lack of enthusiasm among localities and enterprises. However, these two adjustments failed to reach the issue of the autonomy of enterprises due to the fact that they mainly made articles about the central and local authorities for their management authority. At the same time, due to the improper timing, they failed to achieve any significant result.