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目的了解失能老人照顾者负担状况、影响因素及照顾需求。方法采用方便抽样对江苏南通市、新疆博乐市、安徽安庆市、青海西宁市303名失能老人及其照顾者进行现场问卷调查。计量资料比较用t检验或方差分析,计数资料比较采用χ~2检验,用OLS回归分析照顾者负担的影响因素,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果在婚、文盲的失能老人照顾负担较高(均P<0.05)。不同年龄、受教育程度、月收入、与老人关系、每天照顾时间、照顾持续时间、健康状况及社会支持对照顾者负担有影响(均P<0.05)。OLS回归分析结果显示,与老人关系、每天照顾时间、照顾持续时间、照顾者健康状况、失能老人婚姻状况、失能老人受教育程度是照顾者负担的影响因素(均P<0.05)。64.4%的照顾者希望得到社会机构的帮助,61.1%期望得到家庭的帮助,其次依次为亲戚(41.6%)、朋友(8.9%)和邻居(8.3%)的帮助。最希望得到的支持为照顾知识和技能的支持(64.4%),第二为经济支持(62.0%),第三为喘息服务支持(42.2%),其次为家政服务支持及心理支持等。结论失能老人照顾者负担来自于照顾者自身及失能老人两个方面,政府及相关部门应重视失能老人照顾者负担,了解照顾者需求。
Objective To understand the burden of disabled caregivers, their influencing factors and their care needs. Methods A sample of 303 disabled elderly people and their caregivers in Nantong, Jiangsu Province, Bole City in Xinjiang, Anqing City in Anhui Province and Xining City in Qinghai Province were surveyed by means of convenient sampling. Measurement data using t test or analysis of variance, count data were compared using χ ~ 2 test, using OLS regression analysis of caregiver burden factors, P <0.05 for the difference was statistically significant. Results In marriage, illiterate disabled elderly people have a higher cost of care (all P <0.05). Age dependency, education level, monthly income, relationship with the elderly, daily care time, duration of care, health status and social support had an impact on caregivers' burden (all P <0.05). OLS regression analysis showed that the relationship with the elderly, daily care time, duration of care, caregiver health status, disability marital status, disabled elderly education level are the burden of caregivers (all P <0.05). 64.4% of the caregivers want social assistance, 61.1% expect their families to help, followed by relatives (41.6%), friends (8.9%) and neighbors (8.3%). The most sought after support is knowledge-and-skill support (64.4%), the second is economic support (62.0%), the third is respite service support (42.2%), followed by domestic service support and psychological support. Conclusion The burden of disabled elderly caregivers comes from both the caregivers themselves and the disabled elderly. The government and relevant departments should pay attention to the caregivers' burden of disabled elders and understand the needs of caregivers.