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目的:了解贫困农村地区低出生体重发生率,分析其影响因素,为制定适宜的干预策略和措施提供科学依据。方法:2007年1～12月对云南省农村某贫困地区出生体重进行监测,并对其中170例低体重儿进行1∶2病例对照研究,采用单因素、多因素Logistic回归模型分析低出生体重影响因素。结果:①低出生体重发生率为7.97%,以宫内发育迟缓为主(67.84%)。②多因素Logistic逐步回归分析结果显示孕前一年患慢性病、孕期患慢性疾病和分娩地点为乡村医院、孕期有明显妊娠反应、孕期增重≤6.9kg、早产史是发生低出生体重的危险因素。③身高、孕期产检次数≥5次、婴儿胎龄足是低出生体重发生的保护因素。结论:祥云县贫困农村LBW发生率高于全国和全省平均水平。母亲孕前、孕期健康状况、孕期保健和营养状况是该地区低出生体重的主要影响因素。加强贫困农村地区的保健工作,开展适宜的孕期营养干预是减少低出生体重的重要保障。
Objective: To understand the incidence of low birth weight in impoverished rural areas, analyze its influencing factors and provide a scientific basis for formulating appropriate intervention strategies and measures. Methods: From January to December 2007, the birth weight in a poor rural area of Yunnan Province was monitored. A case-control study of 170 cases of low birth weight children was carried out. Single-factor and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the influence of low birth weight factor. Results: ①The incidence of low birth weight was 7.97%, mainly intrauterine growth retardation (67.84%). (2) Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that chronic diseases were one year before pregnancy, chronic diseases during pregnancy and place of delivery were rural hospitals. There was a significant pregnancy reaction during pregnancy. Weight gain during pregnancy was less than or equal to 6.9 kg. Premature birth was a risk factor for low birth weight. ③ height, pregnancy test ≥ 5 times the number of births, baby birth weight is a low birth weight protection factor. Conclusion: The incidence of LBW in poverty-stricken rural areas in Xiangyun County is higher than the national and provincial average. Mother’s pre-pregnancy, pre-pregnancy health status, prenatal care and nutritional status are the major contributing factors to low birth weight in the region. To strengthen the health care work in impoverished rural areas and to carry out appropriate nutrition intervention during pregnancy is an important guarantee to reduce the low birth weight.